Bassler T J
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1977;301:579-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38231.x.
This is an interim report of an on-going study of deaths in 42-km men. The absence of fatal ASCVD in these athletes can not be construed as evidence for the protective role of exercise alone. The ability to run 42 km depends on many factors. Exercise is only one. Avoiding tobacco is another. Dietary factors also play a role. It has not been feasible to remove one of these factors while maintaining the ability to cover the 42 km distance. Some 42-km men claim that megadoses of ascorbic acid protect them from collagen injury. This is supported by animal studies that show increased collagen synthesis proportional to ascorbic acid intake up to dosage levels that would equal 10 grams per day for humans. Their self-selected macrobiotic diet contains a high ratio of peanuts:steak resulting in a high P/S ratio (polyunsaturates/saturates). Dietary manipulation quickly effects their ability to train. Smoking is so rare among these runners that it must be related to specific effects, such as a catalytic agent in tobacco smoke converting linoleic acid into a toxic lipid oxide. Noakes and Opie recently confirmed again (May, 1976) that no cases of "death due to coronary atherosclerosis" have been recorded in marathon finishers. If this holds true for the second 10-year period of this study, then marathon runners will have joined the longshoremen by earning life-long protection against ASCVD. These longshoremen burned 1,876 kcals on the job, equivalent to a 30-km run. Roberts and Straus suggest that many factors can cause atherosclerosis. Only time will tell whether the marathoner is protected from all of them.
这是一项正在进行的针对跑42公里男子死亡情况研究的中期报告。这些运动员中未出现致命性动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD），不能被视为仅运动就具有保护作用的证据。能跑42公里取决于多种因素。运动只是其中之一。避免吸烟是另一个因素。饮食因素也起作用。在保持跑42公里能力的同时去除其中一个因素并不可行。一些跑42公里的男子称，大剂量维生素C能保护他们免受胶原蛋白损伤。动物研究支持了这一点，研究表明，胶原蛋白合成增加与维生素C摄入量成正比，直至达到相当于人类每天10克的剂量水平。他们自行选择的宏量营养素饮食中花生与牛排的比例很高，导致多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸（P/S）比值很高。饮食调整会迅速影响他们的训练能力。这些跑步者中吸烟极为罕见，这肯定与特定影响有关，比如烟草烟雾中的一种催化剂将亚油酸转化为有毒的脂质氧化物。诺克斯和奥皮最近再次证实（1976年5月），马拉松完赛者中未记录到“因冠状动脉粥样硬化死亡”的病例。如果在本研究的第二个10年期间情况依然如此，那么马拉松运动员将通过获得对ASCVD的终身保护而加入码头工人的行列。这些码头工人在工作中消耗1876千卡热量，相当于跑30公里。罗伯茨和施特劳斯指出，许多因素都可导致动脉粥样硬化。只有时间能告诉我们马拉松运动员是否能免受所有这些因素的影响。
