Gluyas Heather, Harris Sarah-Jane
Murdoch University, Mandurah, Australia.
St John of God Murdoch Hospital, Perth, Australia.
Nurs Stand. 2016 Apr 20;30(34):50-60. doi: 10.7748/ns.30.34.50.s47.
Situation awareness describes an individual's perception, comprehension and subsequent projection of what is going on in the environment around them. The concept of situation awareness sits within the group of non-technical skills that include teamwork, communication and managing hierarchical lines of communication. The importance of non-technical skills has been recognised in safety-critical industries such as aviation, the military, nuclear, and oil and gas. However, health care has been slow to embrace the role of non-technical skills such as situation awareness in improving outcomes and minimising the risk of error. This article explores the concept of situation awareness and the cognitive processes involved in maintaining it. In addition, factors that lead to a loss of situation awareness and strategies to improve situation awareness are discussed.
态势感知描述了个人对其周围环境中正在发生的事情的感知、理解以及随后的预测。态势感知的概念属于非技术技能范畴，这类技能包括团队合作、沟通以及管理层级沟通线路。非技术技能的重要性在航空、军事、核能以及石油和天然气等对安全要求极高的行业中已得到认可。然而，医疗保健行业在接受诸如态势感知这类非技术技能在改善医疗结果和将错误风险降至最低方面所起的作用方面一直较为迟缓。本文探讨了态势感知的概念以及维持态势感知所涉及的认知过程。此外，还讨论了导致态势感知丧失的因素以及提高态势感知的策略。
