Laikre Linda, Lundmark Carina, Jansson Eeva, Wennerström Lovisa, Edman Mari, Sandström Annica
Department of Zoology, Division of Population Genetics, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
Ambio. 2016 Oct;45(6):661-80. doi: 10.1007/s13280-016-0776-7. Epub 2016 Apr 20.
Genetic diversity is needed for species' adaptation to changing selective pressures and is particularly important in regions with rapid environmental change such as the Baltic Sea. Conservation measures should consider maintaining large gene pools to maximize species' adaptive potential for long-term survival. In this study, we explored concerns regarding genetic variation in international and national policies that governs biodiversity and evaluated if and how such policy is put into practice in management plans governing Baltic Sea Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Sweden, Finland, Estonia, and Germany. We performed qualitative and quantitative textual analysis of 240 documents and found that agreed international and national policies on genetic biodiversity are not reflected in management plans for Baltic Sea MPAs. Management plans in all countries are largely void of goals and strategies for genetic biodiversity, which can partly be explained by a general lack of conservation genetics in policies directed toward aquatic environments.
物种适应不断变化的选择压力需要遗传多样性，在环境变化迅速的地区，如波罗的海，遗传多样性尤为重要。保护措施应考虑维持大型基因库，以最大限度地提高物种长期生存的适应潜力。在本研究中，我们探讨了国际和国家生物多样性政策中有关遗传变异的问题，并评估了此类政策在瑞典、芬兰、爱沙尼亚和德国管理波罗的海海洋保护区（MPA）的管理计划中是否以及如何得到实施。我们对240份文件进行了定性和定量文本分析，发现关于遗传生物多样性的国际和国家政策共识并未体现在波罗的海海洋保护区的管理计划中。所有国家的管理计划在很大程度上都缺乏遗传生物多样性的目标和战略，这部分可以解释为针对水生环境的政策普遍缺乏保护遗传学内容。
