Snook Laelie A, MacPherson Rebecca E K, Monaco Cynthia M F, Frendo-Cumbo Scott, Castellani Laura, Peppler Willem T, Anderson Zachary G, Buzelle Samyra L, LeBlanc Paul J, Holloway Graham P, Wright David C
Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and.
Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2016 Aug 1;311(2):R315-24. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00072.2016. Epub 2016 Apr 13.
High-fat diets rapidly cause weight gain and glucose intolerance. We sought to determine whether these changes could be mitigated with prior exercise training. Male C57BL/6J mice were exercise-trained by treadmill running (1 h/day, 5 days/wk) for 4 wk. Twenty-four hours after the final bout of exercise, mice were provided with a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal from lard) for 4 days, with no further exercise. In mice fed the HFD prior to exercise training, the results were blunted weight gain, reduced fat mass, and a slight attenuation in glucose intolerance that was mirrored by greater insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscle compared with sedentary mice fed the HFD. When ad libitum-fed sedentary mice were compared with sedentary high-fat fed mice that were calorie restricted (-30%) to match the weight gain of the previously trained high-fat fed mice, the same attenuated impairments in glucose tolerance were found. Blunted weight gain was associated with a greater capacity to increase energy expenditure in trained compared with sedentary mice when challenged with a HFD. Although mitochondrial enzymes in white adipose tissue and UCP-1 protein content in brown adipose tissue were increased in previously exercised compared with sedentary mice fed a HFD, ex vivo mitochondrial respiration was not increased in either tissue. Our data suggest that prior exercise training attenuates high-fat diet-induced weight gain and glucose intolerance and is associated with a greater ability to increase energy expenditure in response to a high-fat diet.
高脂饮食会迅速导致体重增加和葡萄糖不耐受。我们试图确定这些变化是否可以通过预先的运动训练得到缓解。雄性C57BL/6J小鼠通过跑步机跑步进行运动训练（每天1小时，每周5天），持续4周。在最后一次运动训练后24小时，给小鼠提供高脂饮食（HFD；60%的千卡热量来自猪油），持续4天，不再进行进一步运动。在运动训练前喂食高脂饮食的小鼠中，体重增加受到抑制，脂肪量减少，葡萄糖不耐受略有减轻，与喂食高脂饮食的久坐不动小鼠相比，骨骼肌中胰岛素诱导的Akt磷酸化程度更高。当将自由进食的久坐不动小鼠与热量限制（-30%）的久坐高脂喂养小鼠进行比较，以使它们的体重增加与先前训练的高脂喂养小鼠相匹配时，发现葡萄糖耐量的损害同样减轻。与久坐不动的小鼠相比，当受到高脂饮食挑战时，训练有素的小鼠体重增加受到抑制与增加能量消耗的能力更强有关。尽管与喂食高脂饮食的久坐不动小鼠相比，先前运动过的小鼠白色脂肪组织中的线粒体酶和棕色脂肪组织中的UCP-1蛋白含量增加，但两种组织的离体线粒体呼吸均未增加。我们的数据表明，预先的运动训练可减轻高脂饮食诱导的体重增加和葡萄糖不耐受，并与对高脂饮食做出反应时增加能量消耗的更大能力有关。
