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某些航空性深静脉血栓形成会是减压病的一种形式吗?

Could some aviation deep vein thrombosis be a form of decompression sickness?

作者信息

Buzzacott Peter, Mollerlokken Andreas

机构信息

School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, M408, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.

Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

出版信息

J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016 Oct;42(3):346-51. doi: 10.1007/s11239-016-1368-x.

Abstract

Aviation deep vein thrombosis is a challenge poorly understood in modern aviation. The aim of the present project was to determine if cabin decompression might favor formation of vascular bubbles in commercial air travelers. Thirty commercial flights were taken. Cabin pressure was noted at take-off and at every minute following, until the pressure stabilized. These time-pressure profiles were imported into the statistics program R and analyzed using the package SCUBA. Greatest pressure differentials between tissues and cabin pressures were estimated for 20, 40, 60, 80 and 120 min half-time compartments. Time to decompress ranged from 11 to 47 min. The greatest drop in cabin pressure was from 1022 to 776 mBar, equivalent to a saturated diver ascending from 2.46 msw depth. Mean pressure drop in flights >2 h duration was 193 mBar, while mean pressure drop in flights <2 h was 165 mBar. The greatest drop in pressure over 1 min was 28 mBar. Over 30 commercial flights it was found that the drop in cabin pressure was commensurate with that found to cause bubbles in man. Both the US Navy and the Royal Navy mandate far slower decompression from states of saturation, being 1.7 and 1.9 mBar/min respectively. The median overall rate of decompression found in this study was 8.5 mBar/min, five times the rate prescribed for USN saturation divers. The tissues associated with hypobaric bubble formation are likely slower than those associated with bounce diving, with 60 min a potentially useful index.

摘要

航空性深静脉血栓形成是现代航空领域中一个尚未被充分理解的难题。本项目的目的是确定客舱减压是否可能有利于商业航空旅客体内血管气泡的形成。进行了30次商业飞行。记录了起飞时以及之后每分钟的客舱压力,直至压力稳定。这些时间 - 压力曲线被导入统计程序R,并使用SCUBA软件包进行分析。估计了20、40、60、80和120分钟半衰期隔室中组织与客舱压力之间的最大压差。减压时间为11至47分钟。客舱压力的最大降幅为从1022毫巴降至776毫巴,相当于一名饱和潜水员从2.46米海水深度上升。飞行时长>2小时的航班平均压力降幅为193毫巴,而飞行时长<2小时的航班平均压力降幅为165毫巴。1分钟内的最大压力降幅为28毫巴。在30多次商业飞行中发现,客舱压力的下降幅度与已知会在人体中导致气泡形成的幅度相当。美国海军和皇家海军都规定从饱和状态进行减压的速度要慢得多,分别为每分钟1.7毫巴和1.9毫巴。本研究中发现的减压总体中位数速率为每分钟8.5毫巴,是美国海军饱和潜水员规定速率的五倍。与低压气泡形成相关的组织可能比与弹跳潜水相关的组织速度慢,60分钟可能是一个有用的指标。

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