Ksiazek T G, Jouan A, Meegan J M, Le Guenno B, Wilson M L, Peters C J, Digoutte J P, Guillaud M, Merzoug N O, Touray E M
Disease Assessment Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21701.
Res Virol. 1989 Jan-Feb;140(1):67-77. doi: 10.1016/s0923-2516(89)80086-x.
Severe haemorrhagic disease among the human population of the Senegal River Basin brought the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) outbreak of 1987 to the attention of science. As in previous RVFV outbreaks, local herdsmen reported a high incidence of abortion and disease in their livestock. Serum samples were obtained from domestic animal populations from areas near Rosso, the best studied focus of human infection, as well as other areas distant from known human disease. Among animals from the area of high incidence of human disease, antibody prevalence was as high as 85%, with approximately 80% of the sera positive for both RVFV IgG- and viral-specific IgM antibodies. In contrast, human populations in the same area had lower RVFV antibody prevalences, 40% or less, with 90% also being IgM-positive. Sera from livestock in coastal areas 280 km south of the epidemic area were negative for RVFV antibodies. Thus, the detection of RVFV specific IgG and IgM antibodies provided evidence of recent disease activity without the requirement to establish pre-disease antibody levels in populations or individuals and without viral isolation. Subsequently, detection of modest levels of IgG and IgM in the Ferlo region, 130 km south of the Senegal River flood plain, established that RVFV transmission also occurred in another area of the basin. Similar serological testing of domestic ungulates in The Gambia, 340 km south of Rosso, demonstrated antibody prevalence consistent with a lower level of recent transmission of RVFV, i.e., 24% IgG-positive with 6% of the positive sera also having RVFV-specific IgM.
塞内加尔河流域人群中的严重出血性疾病使1987年的裂谷热病毒（RVFV）疫情受到科学界关注。与以往的RVFV疫情一样，当地牧民报告称他们的牲畜流产和患病的发生率很高。血清样本取自罗索附近地区的家畜群体，罗索是人类感染研究最充分的疫源地，此外还取自其他远离已知人类疾病的地区。在人类疾病高发地区的动物中，抗体流行率高达85%，约80%的血清中RVFV IgG抗体和病毒特异性IgM抗体均呈阳性。相比之下，同一地区的人群中RVFV抗体流行率较低，为40%或更低，其中90%的人IgM也呈阳性。疫区以南280公里沿海地区家畜的血清RVFV抗体检测呈阴性。因此，RVFV特异性IgG和IgM抗体的检测提供了近期疾病活动的证据，无需确定人群或个体疾病前的抗体水平，也无需进行病毒分离。随后，在塞内加尔河泛滥平原以南130公里的费尔洛地区检测到适度水平的IgG和IgM，证实RVFV在该流域的另一个地区也有传播。在罗索以南340公里的冈比亚对家养有蹄类动物进行的类似血清学检测表明，抗体流行率与RVFV近期较低的传播水平一致，即24%的IgG呈阳性，其中6%的阳性血清也含有RVFV特异性IgM。
