Baiamonte Brandon A, Stickley Sarah C, Ford Sarah J
a Associate Professor, Department of Psychology , Southeastern Louisiana University , Hammond , LA , USA.
b Department of Psychology , Southeastern Louisiana University , Hammond , LA , USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2016 Jul-Aug;48(3):159-65. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2016.1172745. Epub 2016 Apr 27.
During withdrawal, nicotine users experience aversive withdrawal symptoms, such as increased nociceptive processing, which may be responsible for subsequent use. Smokers often consume more caffeine than non-smokers and the combined effects of these two psychoactive drugs result in an enhanced analgesic effect of nicotine. We examined the effects of caffeine (via coffee consumption) and nicotine withdrawal on pain perception in minimally deprived smokers and non-smokers. Pain threshold and pain tolerance were assessed using a radiant heat stimulus before and 30 minutes after caffeine consumption. Nicotine deprivation (2 hrs) produced increases in pain threshold and decreases in pain tolerance representative of hyperalgesia. When smokers are nicotine deprived, caffeine consumption diminished baseline elevations in pain threshold, but had no effect on pain tolerance. These data suggest that caffeine consumption can dampen deficits in sensory discrimination related to pain during nicotine deprivation by reducing pain threshold to levels representative of non-smoking controls.
在戒断期间，尼古丁使用者会经历厌恶的戒断症状，如伤害性加工增加，这可能是导致后续复吸的原因。吸烟者通常比不吸烟者摄入更多咖啡因，这两种精神活性药物的联合作用会增强尼古丁的镇痛效果。我们研究了咖啡因（通过饮用咖啡）和尼古丁戒断对轻度戒断的吸烟者和不吸烟者疼痛感知的影响。在饮用咖啡因之前和之后30分钟，使用辐射热刺激评估疼痛阈值和疼痛耐受性。尼古丁戒断（2小时）导致疼痛阈值升高和疼痛耐受性降低，表现为痛觉过敏。当吸烟者处于尼古丁戒断状态时，饮用咖啡因会降低疼痛阈值的基线升高，但对疼痛耐受性没有影响。这些数据表明，饮用咖啡因可以通过将疼痛阈值降低到非吸烟对照者的水平，来减轻尼古丁戒断期间与疼痛相关的感觉辨别缺陷。
