Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2022 Aug;26(8):575-581. doi: 10.1007/s11916-022-01060-8. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of smoking and its role on the development of chronic pain and provide a critical review of recent literature.
Recent studies demonstrate the bidirectional and dependent relationship between smoking and chronic pain. Those who are in pain have a more difficult time in the cessation of smoking as well as an increased sensitivity to pain during abstinence, lower confidence, and higher relapse rates. The fear of pain and the anxiety and depression that abstinence causes results in a grim outcome for long-term cessation. The dependent nature between chronic pain and smoking is affected by numerous variables. Providers should consider a multiprong approach to treating chronic pain and targeting smoking cessation treatment by providing motivational therapy, nicotine replacement, and medication therapies to prevent relapse, and providing those who are more likely to relapse with a higher level of care.
本文旨在探讨吸烟及其在慢性疼痛发展中的作用，并对近期文献进行批判性回顾。
最近的研究表明，吸烟和慢性疼痛之间存在双向和相互依存的关系。疼痛患者在戒烟时更难戒烟，并且在戒断期间对疼痛的敏感性增加，信心降低，复发率更高。对疼痛的恐惧以及戒断引起的焦虑和抑郁导致长期戒烟的结果不佳。慢性疼痛和吸烟之间的这种相互依存关系受到许多变量的影响。提供者应考虑采用多管齐下的方法来治疗慢性疼痛，并通过提供动机疗法、尼古丁替代和药物治疗来预防复发，以及为那些更有可能复发的人提供更高水平的护理来针对戒烟治疗。
