Racey Megan, O'Brien Charlene, Douglas Sabrina, Marquez Olivia, Hendrie Gilly, Newton Genevieve
University of Guelph, Department of Human Health & Nutritional Science, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, PO BOX 10041, Adelaide 5000, South Australia.
J Sch Health. 2016 Jun;86(6):452-63. doi: 10.1111/josh.12396.
Owing to the associations between diet and health, it is important that effective health promotion strategies establish healthful eating behaviors from an early age. We reviewed the intensity of school-based interventions aimed to modify dietary behavior in preadolescent and adolescents and related intervention characteristics to effectiveness.
Our systematic literature search of 8 databases sought to identify interventions measuring dietary intake in school settings to students aged 9 to 18. We evaluated these studies for effectiveness, intensity, intervention category, and follow-up measures.
Of the 105 interventions 81 were found to be effective immediately postintervention, irrespective of intensity. Studies that were 6 weeks to 5 months in duration, targeted students' environment or group (alone or in combination), and reached students only in schools were more effective. Only one-fifth of interventions conducted a follow-up measure, and a majority showed a loss of effectiveness from postintervention to follow-up.
We identified characteristics of effective interventions. These findings may inform the development of future interventions targeting dietary behavior in preadolescents and adolescents in the school-based setting.
鉴于饮食与健康之间的关联，有效的健康促进策略在早年就确立健康的饮食行为非常重要。我们回顾了旨在改变青春期前和青少年饮食行为的校内干预措施的强度，并将相关干预特征与效果进行了关联。
我们对8个数据库进行系统的文献检索，以确定针对9至18岁学生在学校环境中测量饮食摄入量的干预措施。我们评估了这些研究的效果、强度、干预类别和随访措施。
在105项干预措施中，81项在干预后立即被发现是有效的，与强度无关。持续时间为6周至5个月、针对学生环境或群体（单独或组合）且仅在学校接触学生的研究更有效。只有五分之一的干预措施进行了随访测量，并且大多数显示从干预后到随访期间效果有所下降。
我们确定了有效干预措施的特征。这些发现可能为未来针对在校青春期前和青少年饮食行为的干预措施的制定提供参考。
