Richards Elizabeth A, Ogata Niwako, Cheng Ching-Wei
Elizabeth A. Richards, PhD, RN, CHES, is Assistant Professor, Purdue University School of Nursing, West Lafayette, Indiana. Niwako Ogata, BVSc, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana. Ching-Wei Cheng, BS, is Graduate Student, Purdue University College of Science, West Lafayette, Indiana.
Nurs Res. 2016 May-Jun;65(3):191-201. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000155.
To facilitate physical activity (PA) adoption and maintenance, promotion of innovative population-level strategies that focus on incorporating moderate-intensity lifestyle PAs are needed.
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the Dogs, Physical Activity, and Walking intervention, a 3-month, social cognitive theory (SCT), e-mail-based PA intervention.
In a longitudinal, repeated-measures design, 49 dog owners were randomly assigned to a control (n = 25) or intervention group (n = 24). The intervention group received e-mail messages (twice weekly for 4 weeks and weekly for 8 weeks) designed to influence SCT constructs of self-efficacy, self-regulation, outcome expectations and expectancies, and social support. At baseline and every 3 months through 1 year, participants completed self-reported questionnaires of individual, interpersonal, and PA variables. Linear mixed models were used to assess for significant differences in weekly minutes of dog walking and theoretical constructs between groups (intervention and control) across time. To test self-efficacy as a mediator of social support for dog walking, tests for mediation were conducted using the bootstrapping technique.
With the exception of Month 9, participants in the intervention group accumulated significantly more weekly minutes of dog walking than the control group. On average, the intervention group accumulated 58.4 more minutes (SD = 18.1) of weekly dog walking than the control group (p < .05). Self-efficacy partially mediated the effect of social support variables on dog walking.
Results indicate that a simple SCT-based e-mail intervention is effective in increasing and maintaining an increase in dog walking among dog owners at 12-month follow-up. In light of these findings, it may be advantageous to design dog walking interventions that focus on increasing self-efficacy for dog walking by fostering social support.
为促进身体活动（PA）的采用和维持，需要推广注重纳入中等强度生活方式身体活动的创新性人群层面策略。
这项随机对照试验的目的是评估“狗狗、身体活动与步行”干预措施，这是一项基于社会认知理论（SCT）、为期3个月、通过电子邮件进行的身体活动干预。
采用纵向重复测量设计，49名狗主人被随机分配到对照组（n = 25）或干预组（n = 24）。干预组每周收到两次电子邮件（持续4周，之后每周一次，持续8周），旨在影响自我效能、自我调节、结果期望和预期以及社会支持等社会认知理论构建要素。在基线时以及在1年中每3个月，参与者完成关于个人、人际和身体活动变量的自我报告问卷。使用线性混合模型评估两组（干预组和对照组）在不同时间每周遛狗分钟数和理论构建要素的显著差异。为了检验自我效能作为遛狗社会支持的中介作用，使用自助法进行中介检验。
除了第9个月外，干预组参与者每周遛狗的分钟数显著多于对照组。平均而言，干预组每周遛狗的时间比对照组多58.4分钟（标准差 = 18.1）（p <.05）。自我效能部分介导了社会支持变量对遛狗的影响。
结果表明，一种基于简单社会认知理论的电子邮件干预措施在12个月的随访中有效增加并维持了狗主人的遛狗时间。鉴于这些发现，设计注重通过促进社会支持来提高遛狗自我效能的遛狗干预措施可能是有益的。
