Kinnunen Marta, Dechesne Arnaud, Proctor Caitlin, Hammes Frederik, Johnson David, Quintela-Baluja Marcos, Graham David, Daffonchio Daniele, Fodelianakis Stilianos, Hahn Nicole, Boon Nico, Smets Barth F
Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
ISME J. 2016 Dec;10(12):2773-2775. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2016.75. Epub 2016 May 3.
There is a growing interest in controlling-promoting or avoiding-the invasion of microbial communities by new community members. Resource availability and community structure have been reported as determinants of invasion success. However, most invasion studies do not adhere to a coherent and consistent terminology nor always include rigorous interpretations of the processes behind invasion. Therefore, we suggest that a consistent set of definitions and a rigorous conceptual framework are needed. We define invasion in a microbial community as the establishment of an alien microbial type in a resident community and argue how simple criteria to define aliens, residents, and alien establishment can be applied for a wide variety of communities. In addition, we suggest an adoption of the community ecology framework advanced by Vellend (2010) to clarify potential determinants of invasion. This framework identifies four fundamental processes that control community dynamics: dispersal, selection, drift and diversification. While selection has received ample attention in microbial community invasion research, the three other processes are often overlooked. Here, we elaborate on the relevance of all four processes and conclude that invasion experiments should be designed to elucidate the role of dispersal, drift and diversification, in order to obtain a complete picture of invasion as a community process.
人们对于控制新的群落成员促进或避免微生物群落入侵的兴趣日益浓厚。资源可用性和群落结构已被报道为入侵成功的决定因素。然而，大多数入侵研究并未遵循连贯一致的术语，也并非总是对入侵背后的过程进行严格解读。因此，我们认为需要一套一致的定义和一个严谨的概念框架。我们将微生物群落中的入侵定义为外来微生物类型在常驻群落中的定殖，并论证了如何将定义外来物种、常驻物种和外来物种定殖的简单标准应用于各种各样的群落。此外，我们建议采用维伦德（2010年）提出的群落生态学框架来阐明入侵的潜在决定因素。该框架确定了控制群落动态的四个基本过程：扩散、选择、漂变和多样化。虽然选择在微生物群落入侵研究中受到了充分关注，但其他三个过程常常被忽视。在此，我们详细阐述了所有四个过程的相关性，并得出结论，入侵实验的设计应旨在阐明扩散、漂变和多样化的作用，以便全面了解作为一个群落过程的入侵。
