Streibel Thorsten, Schnelle-Kreis Jürgen, Czech Hendryk, Harndorf Horst, Jakobi Gert, Jokiniemi Jorma, Karg Erwin, Lintelmann Jutta, Matuschek Georg, Michalke Bernhard, Müller Laarnie, Orasche Jürgen, Passig Johannes, Radischat Christian, Rabe Rom, Reda Ahmed, Rüger Christopher, Schwemer Theo, Sippula Olli, Stengel Benjamin, Sklorz Martin, Torvela Tiina, Weggler Benedikt, Zimmermann Ralf
Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA-Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Apr;24(12):10976-10991. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6724-z. Epub 2016 May 2.
Gaseous and particulate emissions from a ship diesel research engine were elaborately analysed by a large assembly of measurement techniques. Applied methods comprised of offline and online approaches, yielding averaged chemical and physical data as well as time-resolved trends of combustion by-products. The engine was driven by two different fuels, a commonly used heavy fuel oil (HFO) and a standardised diesel fuel (DF). It was operated in a standardised cycle with a duration of 2 h. Chemical characterisation of organic species and elements revealed higher concentrations as well as a larger number of detected compounds for HFO operation for both gas phase and particulate matter. A noteworthy exception was the concentration of elemental carbon, which was higher in DF exhaust aerosol. This may prove crucial for the assessment and interpretation of biological response and impact via the exposure of human lung cell cultures, which was carried out in parallel to this study. Offline and online data hinted at the fact that most organic species in the aerosol are transferred from the fuel as unburned material. This is especially distinctive at low power operation of HFO, where low volatility structures are converted to the particulate phase. The results of this study give rise to the conclusion that a mere switching to sulphur-free fuel is not sufficient as remediation measure to reduce health and environmental effects of ship emissions.
通过大量测量技术对船用柴油研究发动机的气态和颗粒物排放进行了详细分析。应用的方法包括离线和在线方法，可得出平均化学和物理数据以及燃烧副产物的时间分辨趋势。该发动机由两种不同的燃料驱动，一种是常用的重质燃料油（HFO），另一种是标准化柴油（DF）。它以标准化循环运行，持续时间为2小时。对有机物种和元素的化学表征表明，在HFO运行中，气相和颗粒物中检测到的化合物浓度更高、数量更多。一个值得注意的例外是元素碳的浓度，其在DF废气气溶胶中更高。这对于通过与本研究并行进行的人肺细胞培养物暴露来评估和解释生物反应及影响可能至关重要。离线和在线数据表明，气溶胶中的大多数有机物种是以未燃烧物质的形式从燃料中转移过来的。这在HFO的低功率运行中尤为明显，此时低挥发性结构会转化为颗粒相。本研究结果得出结论，仅改用无硫燃料作为减少船舶排放对健康和环境影响的补救措施是不够的。
