Chiu Chui-De, Tseng Mei-Chih Meg, Chien Yi-Ling, Liao Shih-Cheng, Liu Chih-Min, Yeh Yei-Yu, Hwu Hai-Gwo
Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China; Department of Psychology, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.
Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial HospitalNew Taipei City, Taiwan.
Front Psychol. 2016 Apr 21;7:541. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00541. eCollection 2016.
An intertwined relationship has been found between dissociative and psychotic symptoms, as the two symptom clusters frequently co-occur, suggesting some shared risk factors. Using a source monitoring paradigm, previous studies have shown that patients with schizophrenia made more errors in source monitoring, suggesting that a weakened sense of individuality may be associated with psychotic symptoms. However, no studies have verified a relationship between sense of individuality and dissociation, and it is unclear whether an altered sense of individuality is a shared sociocognitive deficit underlying both dissociation and psychosis.
Data from 80 acute psychiatric patients with unspecified mental disorders were analyzed to test the hypothesis that an altered sense of individuality underlies dissociation and psychosis. Behavioral tasks, including tests of intelligence and source monitoring, as well as interview schedules and self-report measures of dissociative and psychotic symptoms, general psychopathology, and trauma history, were administered.
Significant correlations of medium effect sizes indicated an association between errors attributing the source of self-generated items and positive psychotic symptoms and the absorption and amnesia measures of dissociation. The associations with dissociative measures remained significant after the effects of intelligence, general psychopathology, and trauma history were excluded. Moreover, the relationships between source misattribution and dissociative measures remained marginally significant and significant after controlling for positive and negative psychotic symptoms, respectively.
Self-reported measures were collected from a small sample, and most of the participants were receiving medications when tested, which may have influenced their cognitive performance.
A tendency to misidentify the source of self-generated items characterized both dissociation and psychosis. An altered sense of individuality embedded in self-referential representations appears to be a common sociocognitive deficit of dissociation and psychosis.
解离症状与精神病性症状之间存在一种相互交织的关系，因为这两个症状群经常同时出现，提示存在一些共同的风险因素。以往研究采用源监测范式发现，精神分裂症患者在源监测方面犯的错误更多，这表明个体感减弱可能与精神病性症状有关。然而，尚无研究证实个体感与解离之间的关系，且尚不清楚个体感的改变是否是解离和精神病共有的社会认知缺陷。
对80例未明确诊断的急性精神科患者的数据进行分析，以检验个体感改变是解离和精神病基础这一假设。实施了包括智力测试和源监测测试在内的行为任务，以及解离和精神病性症状、一般精神病理学和创伤史的访谈提纲及自我报告测量。
中等效应量的显著相关性表明，自我生成项目来源归因错误与阳性精神病性症状以及解离的专注和遗忘测量之间存在关联。在排除智力、一般精神病理学和创伤史的影响后，与解离测量的关联仍然显著。此外，在分别控制阳性和阴性精神病性症状后，源错误归因与解离测量之间的关系仍然边缘显著和显著。
自我报告测量是从一个小样本中收集的，并且大多数参与者在测试时正在接受药物治疗，这可能影响了他们的认知表现。
自我生成项目来源误认的倾向是解离和精神病的共同特征。自我参照表征中个体感的改变似乎是解离和精神病共有的社会认知缺陷。
