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为何波普尔无法解决关于全球变暖的争论:科学哲学在媒体及公众对全球变暖科学的框架构建中的应用问题。

Why Popper can't resolve the debate over global warming: Problems with the uses of philosophy of science in the media and public framing of the science of global warming.

作者信息

Mercer David

机构信息

University of Wollongong, Australia.

出版信息

Public Underst Sci. 2018 Feb;27(2):139-152. doi: 10.1177/0963662516645040. Epub 2016 May 5.

Abstract

A notable feature in the public framing of debates involving the science of Anthropogenic Global Warming are appeals to uncritical 'positivist' images of the ideal scientific method. Versions of Sir Karl Popper's philosophy of falsification appear most frequently, featuring in many Web sites and broader media. This use of pop philosophy of science forms part of strategies used by critics, mainly from conservative political backgrounds, to manufacture doubt, by setting unrealistic standards for sound science, in the veracity of science of Anthropogenic Global Warming. It will be shown, nevertheless, that prominent supporters of Anthropogenic Global Warming science also often use similar references to Popper to support their claims. It will also be suggested that this pattern reflects longer traditions of the use of Popperian philosophy of science in controversial settings, particularly in the United States, where appeals to the authority of science to legitimize policy have been most common. It will be concluded that studies of the science of Anthropogenic Global Warming debate would benefit from taking greater interest in questions raised by un-reflexive and politically expedient public understanding(s) of the philosophy of science of both critics and supporters of the science of Anthropogenic Global Warming.

摘要

在涉及人为全球变暖科学的辩论的公众框架中,一个显著特征是诉诸理想科学方法不加批判的“实证主义”形象。卡尔·波普尔爵士的证伪主义哲学版本出现得最为频繁,在许多网站和更广泛的媒体中都有体现。这种对流行科学哲学的运用,是主要来自保守政治背景的批评者所采用策略的一部分,他们通过为可靠科学设定不切实际的标准,来制造对人为全球变暖科学真实性的怀疑。然而,将会表明的是,人为全球变暖科学的杰出支持者也常常使用类似的对波普尔的引用,来支持他们的主张。还将指出,这种模式反映了在有争议的背景下使用波普尔科学哲学的更悠久传统,尤其是在美国,在那里诉诸科学权威以使政策合法化最为常见。结论是,对人为全球变暖科学辩论的研究将受益于更多地关注由对人为全球变暖科学的批评者和支持者的科学哲学不加反思且出于政治权宜之计的公众理解所引发的问题。

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