Schaumburg Laura G, Siroski Pablo A, Poletta Gisela L, Mudry Marta D
Grupo de Investigación en Biología Evolutiva (GIBE), IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), FCEyN, - Pabellón II - 4to Piso. Labs 43-46. Cdad. Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, CP: 1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC, UNL/MASPyMA), Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, CP: 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC, UNL/MASPyMA), Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, CP: 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-CONICET), R.P. Kreder 2805, CP: S3080HOF Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2016 Jun;130:71-78. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.11.009. Epub 2015 Dec 3.
Environmental contaminants produce multiple adverse consequences at individual, population and ecosystem levels. High volumes of agrochemicals applied to great variety of crops, together with agricultural expansion, generate great concerns due to the impact for the environment and large risk implicated for wildlife. The lack of data on these threats is striking. The tegu lizard (Salvator merianae) is one of the species that live in environments under contaminant effects. Several characteristics allow proposing this species as a potential sentinel organism for the monitoring of pesticides in their habitat. The present study is the first report about genotoxicity in tegu lizard neonates after embryonic exposure to Roundup® (glyphosate 66.2%). The micronucleus test (MN), nuclear abnormalities (NAs) assay and comet assay (CA) were used as biomarkers of genotoxic effects induced in erythrocytes by topical exposure of the eggs to the glyphosate commercial formulation Roundup® (RU), in laboratory controlled conditions. A total of 96 eggs were distributed in six groups exposed to RU (50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600μg/egg), one positive control (PC; 200μg cyclophosphamide/egg) and one negative control (NC; distilled water). No teratogenic effects were observed in any of the exposed or control neonates. A significant increase in DNA damage was observed in all concentrations higher than 100μg/egg with respect to NC (p<0.05). However, no statistical differences were found in the frequencies of MN and NAs in any group exposed to RU compared to the NC. No statistically significant differences were found in the size of the lizards at birth or after six months post-exposure (p>0.05). Our results provide new information about the undesirable effects of the glyphosate-based herbicide formulations RU on this lizard species that inhabits areas permanently exposed to several pesticide formulations. We consider of utmost necessity a strict regulation of the agrochemical application conditions in those environments near to places where wild populations of terrestrial and aquatic species live, in order to minimize the adverse effects on ecosystems.
环境污染物在个体、种群和生态系统层面会产生多种不良后果。大量农用化学品施用于各种各样的农作物，再加上农业扩张，因其对环境的影响以及给野生动物带来的巨大风险而引发了极大关注。关于这些威胁的数据匮乏令人震惊。泰加蜥蜴（Salvator merianae）是生活在受污染物影响环境中的物种之一。该物种的一些特性使其有可能成为监测其栖息地农药的潜在指示生物。本研究是关于胚胎期暴露于农达®（草甘膦含量66.2%）后泰加蜥蜴幼体遗传毒性的首份报告。在实验室控制条件下，将鸡蛋局部暴露于草甘膦商业制剂农达®（RU），使用微核试验（MN）、核异常（NAs）检测和彗星试验（CA）作为红细胞中遗传毒性效应的生物标志物。总共96枚鸡蛋被分为六组，分别暴露于RU（50、100、200、400、800、1600μg/枚鸡蛋），一组阳性对照（PC；200μg环磷酰胺/枚鸡蛋）和一组阴性对照（NC；蒸馏水）。在任何暴露组或对照组的幼体中均未观察到致畸效应。与NC相比，所有高于100μg/枚鸡蛋的浓度下均观察到DNA损伤显著增加（p<0.05）。然而，与NC相比，任何暴露于RU的组中MN和NAs的频率均未发现统计学差异。出生时或暴露后六个月的蜥蜴大小未发现统计学显著差异（p>0.05）。我们的研究结果提供了关于基于草甘膦的除草剂制剂RU对这种栖息在长期暴露于多种农药制剂地区的蜥蜴物种不良影响的新信息。我们认为极其有必要严格规范在陆地和水生物种野生种群生活区域附近环境中的农用化学品施用条件，以尽量减少对生态系统的不利影响。
