Alvarez-Moya Carlos, Sámano-León Alexis Gerardo, Reynoso-Silva Mónica, Ramírez-Velasco Rafael, Ruiz-López Mario Alberto, Villalobos-Arámbula Alma Rosa
Environmental Mutagenesis Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico.
Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45200, Jalisco, Mexico.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2022 May 17;44(5):2230-2242. doi: 10.3390/cimb44050151.
Glyphosate is a controversial herbicide. Its genotoxicity and presence in various ecosystems have been reported. The use of ascorbic acid and resveratrol could protect different organisms from glyphosate-induced genetic damage. In the present study, specific genetic damage induced by glyphosate was evaluated in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus, Ambystoma mexicanum and human lymphocytes. Simultaneously, the antigenotoxic capacity of various concentrations of ascorbic acid and resveratrol was evaluated by means of pretreatment and simultaneous treatment protocols. The 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 mM concentrations of glyphosate induced significant genotoxic activity (p < 0.05) in human lymphocytes and in erythrocytes of the species studied, and could cause genomic instability in these populations. The reduction in genetic damage observed in human lymphocytes exposed to high concentrations of glyphosate is only apparent: excessive genetic damage was associated with undetectable excessive tail migration length. A significant (p < 0.05) antigenotoxic effect of ascorbic acid and resveratrol was observed in all concentrations, organisms and protocols used. Both ascorbic acid and resveratrol play an important role in maintaining the integrity of DNA. Ascorbic acid in Oreochromis niloticus, Ambystoma mexicanum reduced glyphosate-induced genetic damage to a basal level. Therefore, our data indicate that these antioxidants could help preserve the integrity of the DNA of organisms exposed to glyphosate. The consumption of antioxidants is a useful tool against the genotoxicity of glyphosate.
草甘膦是一种有争议的除草剂。其遗传毒性及其在各种生态系统中的存在已被报道。使用抗坏血酸和白藜芦醇可以保护不同生物体免受草甘膦诱导的遗传损伤。在本研究中，评估了草甘膦在尼罗罗非鱼、墨西哥钝口螈和人类淋巴细胞的红细胞中诱导的特定遗传损伤。同时，通过预处理和同时处理方案评估了不同浓度抗坏血酸和白藜芦醇的抗遗传毒性能力。0.03、0.05和0.07 mM浓度的草甘膦在人类淋巴细胞和所研究物种的红细胞中诱导了显著的遗传毒性活性（p < 0.05），并可能导致这些群体中的基因组不稳定。在暴露于高浓度草甘膦的人类淋巴细胞中观察到的遗传损伤减少只是表面现象：过度的遗传损伤与无法检测到的过度尾迁移长度相关。在所使用的所有浓度、生物体和方案中，均观察到抗坏血酸和白藜芦醇具有显著的（p < 0.05）抗遗传毒性作用。抗坏血酸和白藜芦醇在维持DNA完整性方面都发挥着重要作用。尼罗罗非鱼、墨西哥钝口螈中的抗坏血酸将草甘膦诱导的遗传损伤降低到了基础水平。因此，我们的数据表明，这些抗氧化剂有助于保护暴露于草甘膦的生物体的DNA完整性。食用抗氧化剂是对抗草甘膦遗传毒性的一种有用手段。
