J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Nov;116(11):1776-1784. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.03.016. Epub 2016 May 6.
Previous studies suggest skipping breakfast is associated with lower diet quality, but possible reasons underlying this relationship are not clear.
Our aim was to determine the relationship between chronic stress and variations in diet quality in the context of breakfast eating or breakfast skipping.
Based on morning eating habits, 40 breakfast eaters and 35 breakfast skippers participated in a cross-sectional study. Diet assessment was based on unannounced 24-hour recalls.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Women, ages 18 to 45 years, with a body mass index (calculated as kg/m) <40 were recruited in the greater Sacramento, CA, area between 2009 and 2013. Only women who consistently ate or skipped breakfast were enrolled.
Compliance with the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans was measured using the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010). Stress and executive function were evaluated with validated questionnaires and a computer-based task, respectively.
Diet characteristics of breakfast eating and breakfast skipping were evaluated as nutrient densities (amounts per 1,000 kcal) and compared using a one-way analysis of covariance, with body mass index as covariate. Diet and stress variable associations were assessed using Pearson correlations.
Despite no observed differences in daily energy intake between breakfast skipping and breakfast eating, overall diet quality (P=0.001), whole grains (P=0.002), fruit (P=0.002), empty calories (P=0.050), fiber (P=0.001), calcium (P=0.001), potassium (P=0.033), and folate (P=0.013) intakes were higher in breakfast eating. In the evening, breakfast skipping consumed more added sugars (P=0.012) and saturated fat (P=0.006). In breakfast skipping, reported stress was associated with empty calories (r=-0.39; P=0.027) and evening intake of added sugars (r=0.501; P=0.005). These relationships were not observed in breakfast eating.
Breakfast skippers were less likely to meet the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and consumed more empty calories at night. Chronic stress was related to evening eating choices and overall empty calories in the diet of breakfast skippers, whereas breakfast eaters' dietary intake did not appear to be affected by chronic stress.
先前的研究表明，不吃早餐与较低的饮食质量有关，但这种关系背后的可能原因尚不清楚。
我们的目的是确定在吃早餐或不吃早餐的情况下，慢性压力与饮食质量变化之间的关系。
根据早晨的饮食习惯，40 名吃早餐者和 35 名不吃早餐者参加了一项横断面研究。饮食评估基于未经宣布的 24 小时回忆。
参与者/设置：2009 年至 2013 年间，在加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托大都市区招募了年龄在 18 至 45 岁之间、体重指数（计算为 kg/m）<40 的女性。仅招募始终吃早餐或不吃早餐的女性。
使用 2010 年《美国人膳食指南》的健康饮食指数 2010（HEI-2010）衡量对 2010 年《美国人膳食指南》的依从性。使用经过验证的问卷和基于计算机的任务分别评估压力和执行功能。
使用协方差分析比较吃早餐和不吃早餐的饮食特征（每 1000 千卡的营养素密度），并以体重指数为协变量。使用 Pearson 相关评估饮食和压力变量之间的关联。
尽管不吃早餐和吃早餐之间的每日能量摄入没有观察到差异，但整体饮食质量（P=0.001）、全谷物（P=0.002）、水果（P=0.002）、空卡路里（P=0.050）、纤维（P=0.001）、钙（P=0.001）、钾（P=0.033）和叶酸（P=0.013）的摄入量在吃早餐时更高。在晚上，不吃早餐者摄入的添加糖（P=0.012）和饱和脂肪（P=0.006）更多。在不吃早餐者中，报告的压力与空卡路里（r=-0.39；P=0.027）和晚上添加糖的摄入量（r=0.501；P=0.005）相关。这些关系在吃早餐者中没有观察到。
不吃早餐者更不可能符合《美国人膳食指南》，并且在晚上摄入更多的空卡路里。慢性压力与不吃早餐者的晚餐饮食选择和整体空卡路里有关，而吃早餐者的饮食摄入似乎不受慢性压力的影响。
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