Radišauskas Ričardas, Kuzmickienė Irena, Milinavičienė Eglė, Everatt Rūta
Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2016;52(2):89-98. doi: 10.1016/j.medici.2016.03.002. Epub 2016 Mar 10.
Although the association between blood pressure, serum lipids and cancer risk has been investigated, the results are controversial. The aim of this literature review was to examine the epidemiological evidence and provide overview of the association between blood pressure, serum lipids and cancer risk. The arterial hypertension is closely linked with renal cell cancer development. Risk of renal cell cancer was 2-4 times higher for persons with arterial hypertension, independently of sex. In some studies arterial hypertension as one of the components of the metabolic syndrome, was associated with a higher risk of colorectal, prostate cancer and malignant melanoma. Studies suggest that a higher total serum cholesterol level is linked with higher risk of colorectum, colon, prostate and testicular cancer and lower risk of stomach, liver and hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues cancer. There was positive association between serum triglycerides and esophageal, colorectal, lung, renal, thyroid cancer. Given that hypertension is a common risk factor worldwide and its control remains inadequate, our analysis supports the relevance of public health programs aimed at reducing hypertension to reduce the incidence of a number of cancers including renal cell cancer. Effective cholesterol control may lower the risk of cancer, but further studies with longer follow-up and repeated measurements of cholesterol and other lipids are needed.
尽管已经对血压、血脂与癌症风险之间的关联进行了研究，但其结果存在争议。这篇文献综述的目的是审视流行病学证据，并概述血压、血脂与癌症风险之间的关联。动脉高血压与肾细胞癌的发生密切相关。无论性别，患有动脉高血压的人患肾细胞癌的风险要高出2至4倍。在一些研究中，作为代谢综合征组成部分之一的动脉高血压与结直肠癌、前列腺癌和恶性黑色素瘤的较高风险相关。研究表明，血清总胆固醇水平较高与患结直肠癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌和睾丸癌的风险较高以及患胃癌、肝癌和造血及淋巴组织癌的风险较低有关。血清甘油三酯与食管癌、结直肠癌、肺癌、肾癌、甲状腺癌之间存在正相关。鉴于高血压是全球常见的风险因素且对其控制仍不充分，我们的分析支持旨在降低高血压以减少包括肾细胞癌在内的多种癌症发病率的公共卫生项目的相关性。有效的胆固醇控制可能会降低癌症风险，但需要进行更长随访期以及对胆固醇和其他血脂进行重复测量的进一步研究。
