Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen , Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
ELFI Analytik GbR , Massenhausener Straße 18a, 85375 Neufahrn, Germany.
J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Jun 8;64(22):4556-65. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00355. Epub 2016 May 26.
This study analyzed odor-odor interactions of two malodorous volatile substances, androstenone and skatole, that may accumulate in fat and meat of uncastrated male (boar) pigs. Therefore, fat samples were collected from 1000+ entire male pig carcasses for sensory evaluation and quantification of boar taint compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Each sample was sniffed by 10 trained assessors, resulting in 11 000+ individual ratings, which were subjected to statistical analysis. Pearson correlations of chemical traits and sensory traits (panel average) were higher for skatole [r(1029) = 0.59; p < 0.001] than for androstenone [r(1029) = 0.44; p < 0.001]. Linear terms of androstenone and skatole as well as their interaction significantly (p < 0.05) contributed to perception of deviant smell (R(2) = 0.43). Standardized regression coefficients illustrate the higher importance of skatole (β = 0.68) than androstenone (β = 0.39). Interindividual differences in the responses of assessors to androstenone and skatole are confirmed. A new curved approach is suggested because it better accounts for the interaction of androstenone and skatole than the "safe box" approach. On the basis of these data, sorting strategies using instrumental measurements are discussed. An automated detection based on only skatole measurements is recommended because its performance is only slightly inferior to a sorting based on both androstenone and skatole. Sorting thresholds need to be calibrated against consumer acceptance though.
本研究分析了两种可能在未去势公猪（猪）脂肪和肉中积累的恶臭挥发性物质雄甾酮和粪臭素的气味-气味相互作用。因此，从 1000 多头全雄性猪胴体中收集脂肪样本，用于使用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）进行感官评估和猪腥味化合物的定量。每个样本由 10 名经过培训的评估员进行嗅探，产生了 11000 多个单独的评分，这些评分经过了统计分析。化学特征与感官特征（小组平均值）的 Pearson 相关系数对于粪臭素 [r（1029）= 0.59；p < 0.001] 高于雄甾酮 [r（1029）= 0.44；p < 0.001]。雄甾酮和粪臭素的线性项及其相互作用显著（p < 0.05）有助于感知异常气味（R（2）= 0.43）。标准化回归系数表明粪臭素的重要性更高（β = 0.68），而雄甾酮的重要性较低（β = 0.39）。评估员对雄甾酮和粪臭素的反应存在个体差异。建议采用新的曲线方法，因为它比“安全框”方法更好地解释了雄甾酮和粪臭素的相互作用。基于这些数据，讨论了使用仪器测量进行分类策略。建议仅基于粪臭素测量进行自动检测，因为其性能仅略逊于基于雄甾酮和粪臭素的分类。但是，需要根据消费者的接受程度校准分类阈值。
