National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Ctra. de Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain.
National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Ctra. de Colmenar Km 9, Madrid 28034, Spain.
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2016 May-Jun;14(3):182-99. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.05.005. Epub 2016 May 13.
Brucellosis is one of the main neglected zoonotic diseases. Several factors may contribute to the epidemiology of brucellosis. Imported cases, mainly in travellers but also in recently arrived immigrants, and cases associated with imported products, appear to be infrequently reported.
Cases of brucellosis diagnosed at a referral unit for imported diseases in Europe were described and a review of the literature on imported cases and cases associated with contaminated imported products was performed.
Most imported cases were associated with traditional risk factors such as travel/consumption of unpasteurized dairy products in endemic countries. Cases associated with importation of food products or infected animals also occurred. Although a lower disease incidence of brucellosis has been reported in developed countries, a higher incidence may still occur in specific populations, as illustrated by cases in Hispanic patients in the USA and in Turkish immigrants in Germany. Imported brucellosis appears to present with similar protean manifestations and both classical and infrequent modes of acquisition are described, leading on occasions to mis-diagnoses and diagnostic delays.
Importation of Brucella spp. especially into non-endemic areas, or areas which have achieved recent control of both animal and human brucellosis, may have public health repercussions and timely recognition is essential.
布鲁氏菌病是主要的被忽视的人畜共患疾病之一。有几个因素可能导致布鲁氏菌病的流行病学发生变化。进口病例主要发生在旅行者中，但也发生在最近抵达的移民中，以及与进口产品有关的病例，似乎很少报告。
描述了在欧洲一家转诊机构诊断的布鲁氏菌病病例，并对进口病例和与污染进口产品有关的病例进行了文献复习。
大多数进口病例与传统的风险因素有关，如在流行国家旅行/食用未经巴氏消毒的乳制品。也发生了与食品或受感染动物进口有关的病例。尽管在发达国家报告的布鲁氏菌病发病率较低，但在特定人群中仍可能发生较高的发病率，如美国西班牙裔患者和德国土耳其移民中的病例。进口布鲁氏菌病似乎表现出相似的多样表现，描述了经典和不常见的获得方式，有时导致误诊和诊断延误。
布鲁氏菌属的进口，特别是进入非流行地区或最近已控制动物和人类布鲁氏菌病的地区，可能对公共卫生有影响，及时发现至关重要。
