Londono-Renteria Berlin, Colpitts Tonya M
Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, Bldg 2, Room B4, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1435:1-13. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3670-0_1.
West Nile virus (WNV) is an arbovirus with increased global incidence in the last decade. It is also a major cause of human encephalitis in the USA. WNV is an arthropod-transmitted virus that mainly affects birds but humans become infected as incidental dead-end hosts which can cause outbreaks in naïve populations. The main vectors of WNV are mosquitoes of the genus Culex, which preferentially feed on birds. As in many other arboviruses, the characteristics that allow Flaviviruses like WNV to replicate and transmit to different hosts are encrypted in their genome, which also contains information for the production of structural and nonstructural proteins needed for host cell infection. WNV and other Flaviviruses have developed different strategies to establish infection, replication, and successful transmission. Most of these strategies include the diversion of the host's immune responses away from the virus. In this review, we describe the molecular structure and protein function of WNV with emphasis on protein involvement in the modulation of antiviral immune responses.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是一种虫媒病毒，在过去十年中全球发病率有所上升。它也是美国人类脑炎的主要病因。WNV是一种节肢动物传播的病毒，主要感染鸟类，但人类作为偶然的终末宿主被感染，这可能导致在易感人群中爆发疫情。WNV的主要传播媒介是库蚊属蚊子，它们偏好吸食鸟类血液。与许多其他虫媒病毒一样，使WNV等黄病毒能够复制并传播到不同宿主的特性编码在其基因组中，该基因组还包含产生宿主细胞感染所需的结构蛋白和非结构蛋白的信息。WNV和其他黄病毒已经发展出不同的策略来建立感染、复制和成功传播。这些策略大多包括使宿主的免疫反应偏离病毒。在这篇综述中，我们描述了WNV的分子结构和蛋白质功能，重点是蛋白质在调节抗病毒免疫反应中的作用。
