Changi Sports Medicine Centre, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Andalusian Centre of Sport Medicine, Junta de Andalucía, Cádiz, Spain.
Br J Sports Med. 2016 Jun;50(11):673-981. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095748.
BACKGROUND/AIM: The Sailing World Championships 2014 was contested by 1167 sailors in all 10 Olympic classes. Our objective was to characterise sailing-related injuries and illnesses in sailors participating in this regatta.
We conducted 2 surveys: (1) prior to the World Championships, sailors answered a 12-month recall questionnaire on sailing-related injuries and illnesses and (2) during the Championships, injuries and illnesses were documented.
There were 760 respondents (65% of all participants) for the 12-month recall questionnaire (58% male, 42% female), of whom 244 participants reported 299 injuries (0.59 injuries per 1000 h of sailing). Injuries were most prevalent in the 49erFX (64%), RS:X Women (39%), 49er (37%) and Nacra 17 (36%). Lower back (29% of sailors), knee (13%), shoulder (12%) and ankle (10%) injuries were most prevalent; most (58% of all injuries) were overuse injuries; and 56% of sailors lost sailing time. Most illnesses (40%) were infections, primarily of the respiratory system (43%). During the Championships, there were 67 injuries (4 per 1000 days of sailing). The 49er (24% of all injuries), 470 Men and Women (24%), and 49erFX (19%) had the highest incidence. Injuries to the hand/fingers (22% of all injuries), back (18%), and foot (12%) were most common, as were contusions (37% of all injuries), cuts/lacerations (24%), and sprains (9%). Of the 29 illnesses (2 per 1000 days of sailing), 9 (31%) were gastrointestinal and 6 (21%) respiratory, while 2 (7%) were gout attacks.
The Olympic classes introduced since 2000 (49erFX, 49er, Nacra 17) have resulted in a rise in injuries.
背景/目的:2014 年帆船世界锦标赛共有 1167 名帆船运动员参加了全部 10 个奥运级别项目的比赛。我们的目标是描述参加该帆船赛的运动员的与帆船运动相关的损伤和疾病情况。
我们进行了 2 项调查:(1)在世界锦标赛之前,帆船运动员回答了一份为期 12 个月的与帆船运动相关的损伤和疾病回顾性调查问卷;(2)在锦标赛期间,记录了损伤和疾病情况。
有 760 名(所有参与者的 65%)运动员对为期 12 个月的回顾性调查问卷做出了回应(58%为男性,42%为女性),其中 244 名运动员报告了 299 起损伤(每 1000 小时帆船运动 0.59 起损伤)。损伤最常见于 49erFX(64%)、RS:X 女子(39%)、49 人级(37%)和 Nacra 17 级(36%)。下背部(29%的运动员)、膝盖(13%)、肩膀(12%)和脚踝(10%)损伤最为常见;大多数(所有损伤的 58%)为过度使用损伤;56%的运动员失去了帆船运动时间。大多数疾病(40%)为感染,主要为呼吸系统感染(43%)。在锦标赛期间,有 67 起损伤(每 1000 天帆船运动 4 起)。49 人级(所有损伤的 24%)、470 男子和女子(24%)以及 49erFX(19%)的发生率最高。手部/手指(所有损伤的 22%)、背部(18%)和脚部(12%)受伤最为常见,挫伤(所有损伤的 37%)、切割/撕裂伤(24%)和扭伤(9%)也很常见。29 起疾病(每 1000 天帆船运动 2 起)中,9 起(31%)为胃肠道疾病,6 起(21%)为呼吸系统疾病,2 起(7%)为痛风发作。
自 2000 年以来引入的奥运级别(49erFX、49 人级、Nacra 17 级)导致了损伤的增加。