对2012年赫尔辛基欧洲田径锦标赛伤病监测情况进行分析，以探讨精英运动员的风险因素。
Analyses of Helsinki 2012 European Athletics Championships injury and illness surveillance to discuss elite athletes risk factors.
作者信息
Edouard Pascal, Depiesse Frédéric, Branco Pedro, Alonso Juan-Manuel
机构信息
*Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unity, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; †Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, University of Lyon, Saint Etienne, France; ‡Medical Commission, French Athletics Federation, Paris, France; §Department of Functional Physiology Explorations and Sports Medicine, Larrey Hospital, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; ¶European Athletics Medical and Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association, Lausanne, Switzerland; ‖Portuguese Athletic Federation, Medical Department, Linda-a-avelha, Portugal; **International Association of Athletics Federations, Medical and Anti-doping Commission, Monaco, Monaco; and ††Royal Spanish Athletics Federation (Real Federación Española de Atletismo), Madrid, Spain.
出版信息
Clin J Sport Med. 2014 Sep;24(5):409-15. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000052.
OBJECTIVE
To further analyze newly incurred injuries and illnesses (I&Is) during Athletics International Championships to discuss risk factors.
DESIGN
Prospective recording of newly occurred injuries and illnesses.
SETTING
The 2012 European Athletics (EA) Championships in Helsinki, Finland.
PARTICIPANTS
National team and local organizing committee physicians and physiotherapists and 1342 registered athletes.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Incidence and characteristics of new injuries and illnesses.
RESULTS
Ninety-three percent of athletes were covered by medical teams, with a response rate of 91%. One hundred thirty-three injuries were reported (incidence of 98.4 injuries per 1000 registered athletes). Sixty-two injuries (47%) resulted in time loss from sport. The most common diagnosis was hamstring strain (11.4% of injuries and 21% of time-loss injuries). Injury risk was higher in males and increased with age. The highest incidences of injuries were found in combined events and middle- and long-distance events. Twenty-seven illnesses were reported (4.0 illnesses per 1000 athlete days). The most common diagnoses were upper respiratory tract infection (33.3%) and gastroenteritis/diarrhea (25.9%).
CONCLUSIONS
During outdoor EA Championships, injury and illness incidences were slightly lower and injury characteristics were comparable with those during outdoor World Athletics Championships. During elite athletics Championships, gender (male), age (older than 30 years), finals, and some events (combined events and middle- and long-distance races) seem to be injury risk factors. Illness risk factors remain unclear. As in previous recommendations, preventive interventions should focus on overuse injuries, hamstring strains, and adequate rehabilitation of previous injuries, decreasing risk of infectious diseases transmission, appropriate event scheduling, sports clothes, and heat acclimatization.
目的
进一步分析国际田径锦标赛期间新发生的伤病情况，以探讨风险因素。
设计
对新发生的伤病进行前瞻性记录。
地点
2012年在芬兰赫尔辛基举行的欧洲田径锦标赛。
参与者
国家队及当地组委会的医生、物理治疗师和1342名注册运动员。
主要观察指标
新伤病的发生率及特征。
结果
93%的运动员有医疗团队保障，回复率为91%。共报告了133例伤病（每1000名注册运动员中伤病发生率为98.4例）。62例伤病（47%）导致运动员无法参加比赛。最常见的诊断是腘绳肌拉伤（占伤病的11.4%，占导致无法参赛伤病的21%）。男性的受伤风险更高，且随年龄增长而增加。伤病发生率最高的项目是全能项目以及中长跑项目。共报告了27例疾病（每1000运动员日有4.0例疾病）。最常见的诊断是上呼吸道感染（33.3%）和肠胃炎/腹泻（25.9%）。
结论
在室外欧洲田径锦标赛期间，伤病发生率略低，伤病特征与室外世界田径锦标赛期间相当。在精英田径锦标赛期间，性别（男性）、年龄（30岁以上）、决赛以及一些项目（全能项目和中长跑项目）似乎是受伤的风险因素。疾病的风险因素尚不清楚。如先前建议所述，预防性干预应侧重于过度使用损伤、腘绳肌拉伤以及对既往伤病进行充分康复，降低传染病传播风险，合理安排赛事日程、运动服装以及热适应。
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