McDermott Máirtín S, Oliver Madalyn, Iverson Don, Sharma Rajeev
Centre for Health and Social Research (CHaSR), Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
School of Computing and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
Br J Health Psychol. 2016 Nov;21(4):827-841. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12199.
The primary aim of this study was to review the evidence on the impact of a change in intention on behaviour and to identify (1) behaviour change techniques (BCTs) associated with changes in intention and (2) whether the same BCTs are also associated with changes in behaviour.
A systematic review was conducted to identify interventions that produced a significant change in intention and assessed the impact of this change on behaviour at a subsequent time point. Each intervention was coded using a taxonomy of BCTs targeting healthy eating and physical activity. A series of meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify effective BCTs.
In total, 25 reports were included. Interventions had a medium-to-large effect on intentions (d = 0.64) and a small-to-medium effect (d = 0.41) on behaviour. One BCT, 'provide information on the consequences of behaviour in general', was significantly associated with a positive change in intention. One BCT, 'relapse prevention/coping planning', was associated with a negative change in intention. No BCTs were found to have significant positive effects on behaviour. However, one BCT, 'provide feedback on performance', was found to have a significant negative effect. BCTs aligned with social cognitive theory were found to have significantly greater positive effects on intention (d = 0.83 vs. 0.56, p < .05), but not behaviour (d = 0.35 vs. 0.23, ns), than those aligned with the theory of planned behaviour.
Although the included studies support the notion that a change in intention is associated with a change in behaviour, this review failed to produce evidence on how to facilitate behaviour change through a change in intention. Larger meta-analyses incorporating interventions targeting a broader range of behaviours may be warranted. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Prior research on the causal relationship between intention and behaviour has produced mixed findings. Further experimental research to determine the precise nature of these variables is clearly warranted. However, precise guidance on how to change intention is still lacking. What does this study add? This study aimed to identify behaviour change techniques associated with changes in intention and behaviour. Techniques with positive effects on intention were identified; however, these did not have an impact on behaviour. Larger meta-analyses incorporating interventions targeting a broader range of behaviours may be warranted.
本研究的主要目的是回顾关于意图改变对行为影响的证据，并确定：（1）与意图改变相关的行为改变技术（BCTs）；（2）相同的BCTs是否也与行为改变相关。
进行系统综述以确定能使意图产生显著改变的干预措施，并评估这一改变在随后时间点对行为的影响。每项干预措施都使用针对健康饮食和体育活动的BCTs分类法进行编码。进行了一系列元回归分析以确定有效的BCTs。
总共纳入了25份报告。干预措施对意图有中等到较大的影响（d = 0.64），对行为有小到中等的影响（d = 0.41）。一种BCT，即“提供关于一般行为后果的信息”，与意图的积极改变显著相关。一种BCT，即“预防复发/应对计划”，与意图的消极改变相关。未发现有BCTs对行为有显著的积极影响。然而，发现一种BCT，即“提供绩效反馈”，有显著的消极影响。与社会认知理论一致的BCTs对意图的积极影响显著更大（d = 0.83对0.56，p <.05），但对行为的影响并非如此（d = 0.35对0.23，无显著差异），相比与计划行为理论一致的BCTs。
虽然纳入的研究支持意图改变与行为改变相关这一观点，但本综述未能提供关于如何通过意图改变促进行为改变的证据。可能需要进行更大规模的元分析，纳入针对更广泛行为的干预措施。贡献声明关于该主题已知的内容有哪些？先前关于意图与行为因果关系的研究结果不一。显然需要进一步的实验研究来确定这些变量的确切性质。然而，关于如何改变意图仍缺乏精确的指导。本研究增加了什么？本研究旨在确定与意图和行为改变相关的行为改变技术。确定了对意图有积极影响的技术；然而，这些技术对行为没有影响。可能需要进行更大规模的元分析，纳入针对更广泛行为的干预措施。
