Wood Brian E
JILA, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0440 USA.
Living Rev Sol Phys. 2004;1:2. doi: 10.12942/lrsp-2004-2. Epub 2004 Jul 29.
Stellar analogs for the solar wind have proven to be frustratingly difficult to detect directly. However, these stellar winds can be studied indirectly by observing the interaction regions carved out by the collisions between these winds and the interstellar medium (ISM). These interaction regions are called "astrospheres", analogous to the "heliosphere" surrounding the Sun. The heliosphere and astrospheres contain a population of hydrogen heated by charge exchange processes that can produce enough H I Ly absorption to be detectable in UV spectra of nearby stars from the (HST). The amount of astrospheric absorption is a diagnostic for the strength of the stellar wind, so these observations have provided the first measurements of solar-like stellar winds. Results from these stellar wind studies and their implications for our understanding of the solar wind are reviewed here. Of particular interest are results concerning the past history of the solar wind and its impact on planetary atmospheres.
事实证明,要直接探测出与太阳风相似的恒星风极其困难。不过,通过观测这些恒星风与星际介质(ISM)碰撞所形成的相互作用区域,可以对它们进行间接研究。这些相互作用区域被称为“星球层”,类似于围绕太阳的“日球层”。日球层和星球层中存在一群因电荷交换过程而被加热的氢原子,它们能够产生足够的氢Ⅰ莱曼吸收,从而在哈勃太空望远镜(HST)对附近恒星的紫外光谱观测中被探测到。星球层吸收的量是恒星风强度的一个诊断指标,因此这些观测首次对类似太阳的恒星风进行了测量。本文将回顾这些恒星风研究的结果及其对我们理解太阳风的意义。特别值得关注的是有关太阳风过去历史及其对行星大气影响的研究结果。