Jonas Anna, Cardemil Cristina V, Beukes Anita, Anderson Raydel, Rota Paul A, Bankamp Bettina, Gary Howard E, Sawadogo Souleymane, Patel Sadhna V, Zeko Sikota, Muroua Clementine, Gaeb Esegiel, Wannemuehler Kathleen, Gerber Sue, Goodson James L
Ministry of Health and Social Services, Directorate of Special Programmes, Primary Health Directorate, and Family Health Division (Expanded Programme on Immunizations), Windhoek, Namibia.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Immunization Division, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Int J Infect Dis. 2016 Aug;49:196-201. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.05.009. Epub 2016 May 16.
The level of rubella susceptibility among women of reproductive age in Namibia is unknown. Documenting the risk of rubella will help estimate the potential burden of disease in Namibian women and the risk of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in infants, and will guide strategies for the introduction of rubella vaccine.
A total of 2044 serum samples from pregnant Namibian women aged 15-44 years were tested for rubella immunoglobulin G antibody; the samples were obtained during the 2010 National HIV Sentinel Survey. The proportion of women seropositive for rubella was determined by 5-year age strata, and factors associated with seropositivity were analyzed by logistic regression, including age, gravidity, HIV status, facility type, and urban/rural status.
Overall rubella seroprevalence was 85% (95% confidence interval (CI) 83-86%). Seroprevalence varied by age group (83-90%) and health district (71-100%). In the multivariable model, women from urban residences had higher odds of seropositivity as compared to women from rural residences (odds ratio 1.40, 95% CI 1.09-1.81).
In the absence of a routine rubella immunization program, the high level of rubella seropositivity suggests rubella virus transmission in Namibia, yet 15% of pregnant Namibian women remain susceptible to rubella. The introduction of rubella vaccine will help reduce the risk of rubella in pregnant women and CRS in infants.
纳米比亚育龄妇女的风疹易感性水平尚不清楚。记录风疹风险将有助于估计纳米比亚妇女潜在的疾病负担以及婴儿患先天性风疹综合征（CRS）的风险，并将指导风疹疫苗引入策略。
对纳米比亚15至44岁孕妇的2044份血清样本进行风疹免疫球蛋白G抗体检测；这些样本是在2010年全国艾滋病哨点监测期间获得的。按5岁年龄组确定风疹血清阳性妇女的比例，并通过逻辑回归分析与血清阳性相关的因素，包括年龄、妊娠次数、艾滋病毒感染状况、医疗机构类型和城乡状况。
总体风疹血清阳性率为85%（95%置信区间[CI]83 - 86%）。血清阳性率因年龄组（83 - 90%）和卫生区（71 - 100%）而异。在多变量模型中，与农村妇女相比，城市妇女血清阳性的几率更高（优势比1.40，95%CI 1.09 - 1.81）。
在没有常规风疹免疫规划的情况下，风疹血清阳性率较高表明纳米比亚存在风疹病毒传播，但仍有15%的纳米比亚孕妇对风疹易感。引入风疹疫苗将有助于降低孕妇感染风疹和婴儿患先天性风疹综合征的风险。
