Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Feb;24(1):29-38. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2009.09.002.
Iodine deficiency during foetal development and early childhood is associated with cognitive impairment. Randomised clinical studies in school-aged children encountered in the literature indicate that cognitive performance can be improved by iodine supplementation, but most studies suffer from methodological constraints. Tests to assess cognitive performance in the domains that are potentially affected by iodine deficiency need to be refined. Maternal iodine supplementation in areas of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency may improve cognitive performance of the offspring, but randomised controlled studies with long-term outcomes are lacking. Studies in infants or young children have not been conducted. The best indicators for iodine deficiency in children are thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in newborns and thyroglobulin (Tg) in older children. Urinary iodine may also be useful but only at the population level. Adequate salt iodisation will cover the requirements of infants and children as well as pregnant women. However, close monitoring remains essential.
胎儿期和儿童早期碘缺乏与认知障碍有关。文献中报道的学龄儿童随机临床试验表明，碘补充可以改善认知表现，但大多数研究存在方法学限制。需要改进评估潜在碘缺乏影响领域的认知表现的测试。在轻度至中度碘缺乏地区，对孕妇进行碘补充可能会改善后代的认知表现，但缺乏长期结局的随机对照研究。在婴儿或幼儿中尚未开展相关研究。儿童碘缺乏的最佳指标是新生儿的促甲状腺激素（TSH）和较大儿童的甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）。尿碘也可能有用，但仅在人群水平上。充足的盐碘化将满足婴儿、儿童以及孕妇的需求。然而，密切监测仍然是必要的。
