Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou 310051, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Aug 11;15(16):3555. doi: 10.3390/nu15163555.
Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is a widespread public health concern, but indicators and methods for assessing iodine nutritional status are lacking. Serum iodine concentration (SIC) is an important iodine metabolism biomarker and can, to some extent, predict the risk of thyroid diseases, making it a potential biomarker for assessing individual iodine nutrition levels. Our study aimed to analyze the relationship between SIC and thyroid function in a cohort of mild iodine deficient pregnant women in China in order to explore the potential of SIC as a biomarker of individual iodine status in pregnancy. A total of 1540 early pregnant women (gestation < 10 weeks) aged 18 to 45 years old were included in the final study from a Zhejiang multicenter population-based mother and child cohort. Repeated measures of SIC, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and thyroid function were taken at approximately 10, 17, and 32 weeks of gestation. The SIC was statistically correlated with all thyroid function indexes in the first trimester, and a very strong positive correlation with FT4 over three trimesters (r = 0.449, 0.550, and 0.544, respectively). Pregnant women with an SIC < 72.4 µg/L were at a higher risk of hypothyroxinemia (adjusted OR = 8.911, 95% CI = 5.141-15.447) and iodine deficiency (adjusted OR = 1.244, 95% CI = 1.031-1.502), while those with an SIC > 93.9 µg/L were at a higher risk of thyrotoxicosis (adjusted OR = 11.064, 95% CI = 6.324-19.357) and excessive iodine (adjusted OR = 11.064, 95% CI = 6.324-19.357). In contrast, the UIC was not correlated with thyroid diseases ( > 0.05). These findings indicate that the SIC is a potential biomarker for assessing individual iodine nutrition and thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women.
碘缺乏症在怀孕期间是一个普遍存在的公共卫生问题，但缺乏评估碘营养状况的指标和方法。血清碘浓度（SIC）是一个重要的碘代谢生物标志物，在一定程度上可以预测甲状腺疾病的风险，因此它是评估个体碘营养水平的潜在生物标志物。我们的研究旨在分析中国轻度碘缺乏孕妇队列中 SIC 与甲状腺功能之间的关系，以探讨 SIC 作为妊娠个体碘状况生物标志物的潜力。本研究共纳入了来自浙江多中心基于人群的母婴队列的 1540 名 18 至 45 岁的早期孕妇（妊娠<10 周）。在妊娠约 10、17 和 32 周时，重复测量 SIC、尿碘浓度（UIC）和甲状腺功能。SIC 在孕早期与所有甲状腺功能指标均呈统计学相关，且在三个孕期与 FT4 呈很强的正相关（r 值分别为 0.449、0.550 和 0.544）。SIC<72.4μg/L 的孕妇发生甲状腺功能减退症的风险更高（调整后的 OR=8.911，95%CI=5.141-15.447）和碘缺乏症的风险（调整后的 OR=1.244，95%CI=1.031-1.502），而 SIC>93.9μg/L 的孕妇发生甲状腺毒症的风险更高（调整后的 OR=11.064，95%CI=6.324-19.357）和碘过量的风险（调整后的 OR=11.064，95%CI=6.324-19.357）。相反，UIC 与甲状腺疾病无关（>0.05）。这些发现表明，SIC 是评估孕妇个体碘营养和甲状腺功能障碍的潜在生物标志物。
