Klein Eva M, Brähler Elmar, Dreier Michael, Reinecke Leonard, Müller Kai W, Schmutzer Gabriele, Wölfling Klaus, Beutel Manfred E
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
Department of Communication, University of Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 12, 55099, Mainz, Germany.
BMC Psychiatry. 2016 May 23;16:159. doi: 10.1186/s12888-016-0875-9.
The Perceived Stress Scale Cohen (J Health Soc Behav 24:385-96, 1983) is a widely and well-established self-report scale measuring perceived stress. However, the German version of the PSS-10 has not yet been validated. Thus, the purposes of this representative study were to psychometrically evaluate the PSS-10, and to provide norm values for the German population.
The PSS-10 and standardized scales of depression, anxiety, fatigue, procrastination and life satisfaction were administered to a representative, randomly selected German community sample consisting of 1315 females and 1148 male participants in the age range from 14 to 90 years.
The results demonstrated a good internal consistency and construct validity. Perceived stress was consistently associated with depression, anxiety, fatigue, procrastination and reduced life satisfaction. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a bi-dimensional structure with two related latent factors. Regarding demographic variables, women reported a higher level of stress than men. Perceived stress decreased with higher education, income and employment status. Older and married participants felt less stressed than younger and unmarried participants.
The PSS-10 is a reliable, valid and economic instrument for assessing perceived stress. As psychological stress is associated with an increased risk of diseases, identifying subpopulations with higher levels of stress is essential. Due to the dependency of the perceived stress level on demographic variables, particularly age and sex, differentiated norm values are needed, which are provided in this paper.
科恩感知压力量表（《健康与社会行为杂志》24:385 - 96，1983年）是一种广泛使用且成熟的自我报告量表，用于测量感知压力。然而，PSS - 10的德文版本尚未经过验证。因此，本代表性研究的目的是从心理测量学角度评估PSS - 10，并为德国人群提供常模值。
对一个具有代表性的、随机选取的德国社区样本进行PSS - 10以及抑郁、焦虑、疲劳、拖延和生活满意度的标准化量表测试，该样本由1315名女性和1148名男性参与者组成，年龄在14至90岁之间。
结果显示出良好的内部一致性和结构效度。感知压力与抑郁、焦虑、疲劳、拖延以及生活满意度降低始终相关。验证性因素分析揭示了一个具有两个相关潜在因素的二维结构。关于人口统计学变量，女性报告的压力水平高于男性。感知压力随着受教育程度、收入和就业状况的提高而降低。年龄较大和已婚的参与者比年龄较小和未婚的参与者感到压力更小。
PSS - 10是一种评估感知压力的可靠、有效且经济的工具。由于心理压力与疾病风险增加相关，识别压力水平较高的亚人群至关重要。鉴于感知压力水平对人口统计学变量（尤其是年龄和性别）的依赖性，需要有差异化的常模值，本文提供了这些值。
