1 Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
2 Pathfinder Personality Disorder Service, Avon & Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2018 Apr;19(2):209-230. doi: 10.1177/1524838016650190. Epub 2016 May 24.
It has long been hypothesized that feelings of inferiority or low self-esteem lead individuals to aggress against those they view as being threatening. However, recent studies suggest that it is not just the level of self-esteem but stability that is relevant to understanding this process. As such, researchers have looked to related constructs, such as narcissism, in trying to understand aggressive behaviors. Narcissism is characterized by a dissociation between an unconscious sense of inadequacy and a conscious feeling of superiority. A large number of studies examining the relationship between narcissism and violence have recently been published within both clinical and student populations. This review aimed to systematically collate the findings of such studies and integrate them within current theories of violence. Electronic literature databases such as Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, and LexisNexis (legal database) were searched to identify studies examining the relationship between narcissism and violence. Twenty articles were included in this review, describing 25 separate samples. Findings suggest that narcissism is relevant in understanding aggression and violence. This was consistent across both clinical and nonclinical populations and therefore does not appear to be an artifact of studying either very violent or student samples. Evidence from student samples strongly supported the association between narcissism and aggression following an ego threat, while studies using clinical samples did not examine the effect of an ego threat. These findings may have an impact on how we understand, predict, and reduce violence.
长期以来，人们一直假设自卑感或低自尊会导致个体攻击他们认为具有威胁性的人。然而，最近的研究表明，与理解这一过程相关的不仅仅是自尊水平，还有稳定性。因此，研究人员一直在寻找相关的结构，如自恋，以试图理解攻击行为。自恋的特点是无意识的不足感和有意识的优越感之间的脱节。最近，在临床和学生群体中发表了大量研究自恋与暴力之间关系的研究。本综述旨在系统地整理这些研究的结果，并将其纳入当前的暴力理论中。电子文献数据库，如 Web of Science、MEDLINE、PsychINFO、EMBASE、Cochrane 数据库和 LexisNexis（法律数据库）被搜索，以确定研究自恋与暴力之间关系的研究。本综述共纳入 20 篇文章，描述了 25 个独立的样本。研究结果表明，自恋在理解攻击和暴力方面是相关的。这在临床和非临床人群中都是一致的，因此似乎不是研究非常暴力或学生样本的结果。来自学生样本的证据强烈支持自恋与自尊心受到威胁后的攻击之间的关联，而使用临床样本的研究则没有检验自尊心受到威胁的影响。这些发现可能会影响我们理解、预测和减少暴力的方式。
