Hafner Nicole M, Womack Christopher J, Luden Nicholas D, Todd Mikel K
James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA.
Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2016 May 26;14(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s12947-016-0063-6.
Exercise training favorably alters arterial anatomy in trained limbs, though the simultaneous effects on passively trained arteries are unclear. Thus, brachial (non-trained limb), popliteal (trained limb) and carotid total wall thickness (TWT), wall-to-lumen ratios (W:L), intima-media thickness (IMT) and lumen diameters (LD) were compared between experimental (n = 14) and control (n = 11) participants before and after the experimental participants participated in marathon training.
Arterial dimensions were measured with B-mode ultrasonography. Initial and final testing of VO2max and running speed at 3.5 mmol lactate were measured in the experimental group.
VO2max was unchanged by training, but running speed at 3.5 mmol lactate increased by 5 % (p = .008). Time by group interactions were observed for the brachial and popliteal measures (p < 0.05), but not the carotid. No changes were observed in the control group. Prior to the intervention the experimental group had larger LD in the brachial (p = .002) and popliteal arteries (p = .007) than controls; no other pre-testing differences were found. Following training, TWT declined in the brachial (pre = .99 ± .16 mm; post = .84 ± .10 mm; p = .007) and popliteal (pre = .96 ± .09 mm; post = .86 ± .11 mm; p = .005) arteries, characterized by a 0.07 mm decrease in brachial IMT (p = .032) and a non-significant 0.03 mm reduction in popliteal IMT. LD increased in the brachial (pre = 3.38 ± .35 mm; post = 3.57 ± .41 mm; p = .015) and popliteal (pre = 4.73 ± .48 mm; post = 5.11 ± .72 mm; p = .002) arteries.
These data suggest that exercise-induced alterations in arterial dimensions occur in trained and non-trained limbs, and that adaptations may be dose dependent.
运动训练可使训练肢体的动脉解剖结构发生有益改变，不过对被动训练动脉的同时影响尚不清楚。因此，在实验参与者（n = 14）参加马拉松训练前后，比较了实验组和对照组（n = 11）参与者的肱动脉（非训练肢体）、腘动脉（训练肢体）以及颈动脉的总壁厚度（TWT）、壁腔比（W:L）、内膜中层厚度（IMT）和管腔直径（LD）。
用B型超声测量动脉尺寸。在实验组测量了最大摄氧量（VO2max）以及血乳酸浓度为3.5 mmol时的跑步速度的初始值和最终值。
训练后VO2max未改变，但血乳酸浓度为3.5 mmol时的跑步速度提高了5%（p = 0.008）。观察到肱动脉和腘动脉测量值存在组间时间交互作用（p < 0.05），但颈动脉未观察到。对照组未观察到变化。干预前，实验组肱动脉（p = 0.002）和腘动脉（p = 0.007）的LD大于对照组；未发现其他预测试差异。训练后，肱动脉（术前 = 0.99 ± 0.16 mm；术后 = 0.84 ± 0.10 mm；p = 0.007）和腘动脉（术前 = 0.96 ± 0.09 mm；术后 = 0.86 ± 0.11 mm；p = 0.005）的TWT下降，其特征为肱动脉IMT下降0.07 mm（p = 0.032），腘动脉IMT下降0.03 mm但无统计学意义。肱动脉（术前 = 3.38 ± 0.35 mm；术后 = 3.57 ± 0.41 mm；p = 0.015）和腘动脉（术前 = 4.73 ± 0.48 mm；术后 = 5.11 ± 0.72 mm；p = 0.002）的LD增加。
这些数据表明，运动引起的动脉尺寸改变发生在训练和未训练的肢体中，且适应性变化可能与剂量有关。
