England Marion E, Phipps Paul, Medlock Jolyon M, Atkinson Peter M, Atkinson Barry, Hewson Roger, Gale Paul
Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
Medical Entomology Group, MRA, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, United Kingdom.
J Vector Ecol. 2016 Jun;41(1):128-34. doi: 10.1111/jvec.12204.
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a zoonotic virus transmitted by Hyalomma ticks, the immature stages of which may be carried by migratory birds. In this study, a total of 12 Hyalomma ticks were recovered from five of 228 migratory birds trapped in Spring, 2012 in southern Spain along the East Atlantic flyway. All collected ticks tested negative for CCHFV. While most birds had zero Hyalomma ticks, two individuals had four and five ticks each and the statistical distribution of Hyalomma tick counts per bird is over-dispersed compared to the Poisson distribution, demonstrating the need for intensive sampling studies to avoid underestimating the total number of ticks. Rates of tick exchange on migratory birds during their northwards migration will affect the probability that a Hyalomma tick entering Great Britain is positive for CCHFV. Drawing on published data, evidence is presented that the latitude of a European country affects the probability of entry of Hyalomma ticks on wild birds. Further data on Hyalomma infestation rates and tick exchange rates are required along the East Atlantic flyway to further our understanding of the origin of Hyalomma ticks (i.e., Africa or southern Europe) and hence the probability of entry of CCHFV into GB.
克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒（CCHFV）是一种由璃眼蜱传播的人畜共患病毒，其未成熟阶段可能由候鸟携带。在本研究中，2012年春季于西班牙南部沿东大西洋飞行路线捕获的228只候鸟中的5只身上共采集到12只璃眼蜱。所有采集到的蜱经检测CCHFV均为阴性。虽然大多数鸟类身上璃眼蜱数量为零，但有两只鸟身上分别有4只和5只蜱，且每只鸟身上璃眼蜱数量的统计分布与泊松分布相比过度离散，这表明需要进行密集采样研究以避免低估蜱的总数。候鸟向北迁徙过程中蜱的交换率将影响进入英国的璃眼蜱携带CCHFV呈阳性的概率。根据已发表的数据，有证据表明欧洲国家的纬度会影响野生鸟类身上璃眼蜱进入的概率。沿东大西洋飞行路线还需要更多关于璃眼蜱感染率和蜱交换率的数据，以加深我们对璃眼蜱来源（即非洲或南欧）的理解，进而了解CCHFV进入英国的概率。
