Lewis Melissa, King Kevin, Litt Dana, Swanson Alex, Lee Christine
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, United States.
Department of Psychology, University of Washington., United States.
Addict Behav. 2016 Oct;61:62-7. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.05.019. Epub 2016 May 20.
A key component of the Prototype Willingness Model is willingness, which reflects an openness to opportunity to perform a behavior in situations that are conducive to that behavior. Willingness has traditionally been tested using global, hypothetical assessments, and has not been examined at the daily level. We expected to find within-person variability in willingness to drink, such that on days with greater willingness, individuals would report greater drinking. A national sample (N=288) of young adults aged 18 to 20 (31.60% female) completed a Web-based survey that was comprised of measures of drinking and sexual behavior, including the Timeline Follow-Back (Sobell & Sobell, 1992). Findings show daily variability in willingness to drink (ICC=0.54), which suggests that there are substantial differences from day-to-day in this drinking-related cognition. Participants drank more on days when individuals also reported feeling more willing to drink than their own average level across the two weeks. Daily process level mechanisms allow greater insight into factors contributing to increased risk in-the-moment, which may point to targets for interventions aimed at improving adolescents' and young adults' abilities to make healthier choices in moments when they may be at greater risk for engaging in risky behaviors.
原型意愿模型的一个关键组成部分是意愿，它反映了在有利于某种行为的情境中对执行该行为机会的开放性。传统上，意愿是通过整体的、假设性的评估来测试的，尚未在日常层面进行考察。我们预计会发现饮酒意愿存在个体内部差异，即意愿较高的日子里，个体报告的饮酒量会更多。一个由18至20岁的年轻人组成的全国性样本（N = 288，女性占31.60%）完成了一项基于网络的调查，该调查包括饮酒和性行为的测量，其中包括时间线追溯法（索贝尔和索贝尔，1992年）。研究结果显示饮酒意愿存在每日差异（组内相关系数=0.54），这表明在这种与饮酒相关的认知方面，每天都存在显著差异。参与者在那些报告感觉比自己两周内平均水平更愿意饮酒的日子里饮酒量更多。日常过程层面的机制能让我们更深入地了解导致即时风险增加的因素，这可能为旨在提高青少年和年轻人在可能面临更高风险行为时刻做出更健康选择能力的干预措施指明目标。
