Mammen Jens
Niels Bohr Professorship Centre for Cultural Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2016 Sep;50(3):368-81. doi: 10.1007/s12124-016-9351-9.
The paper is a reply to commentaries to "Activity theories and the Ontology of Psychology: Learning from Danish and Russian Experiences" (Mammen and Mironenko 2015). At the same time it is an attempt to reply to more general issues raised by the commentators and an attempt to further develop some general ideas from our paper with a focus on the introduction of the new analytical concepts sense and choice categories. These concepts have been elaborated in an axiomatic frame in (Mammen 2016) and the present paper is thus also pointing forwards to that and supporting it with examples from research on adult human relations of love and affection and on infant cognitive development. A few examples from myth and literature are referred to also. The ambition is to introduce new analytical tools across schools and domains of psychology which open for theoretical inclusion of new phenomena and re-structuring of well-known ones. The hope is to surmount some problems, as e.g. the dilemma between dualism and reductionism, which have been obstacles in the search for conceptual and methodological coherence in psychology. In the first place the hope is also to sharpen the analytical, critical and practical potential of psychology as a science. The ambition is not, here and now, to develop a comprehensive general theory as a container for the huge amount of empirical results collected using very heterogeneous criteria for what belongs to the domain of psychology and very heterogeneous conceptual frames. Here we still need some patience following the lesson from natural science, step by step including new domains as the conceptual and practical frames are expanding, but on the other hand not excluding anything apriori.
本文是对《活动理论与心理学本体论:借鉴丹麦和俄罗斯的经验》(马门和米罗年科,2015年)的评论的回应。同时,它也是对评论者提出的更普遍问题的回应,以及尝试进一步发展我们论文中的一些总体观点,重点是引入新的分析概念“意义”和“选择范畴”。这些概念已在(马门,2016年)的公理框架中得到阐述,因此本文也指向该框架,并通过关于成人爱情与亲情关系以及婴儿认知发展的研究实例来支持它。文中还提及了神话和文学中的一些例子。其目标是引入跨心理学流派和领域的新分析工具,为理论上纳入新现象和重新构建已知现象开辟道路。希望克服一些问题,例如二元论和还原论之间的困境,这些问题一直是心理学寻求概念和方法一致性的障碍。首先,希望也在于提升心理学作为一门科学的分析、批判和实践潜力。这里的目标不是此时此地就发展出一个全面的一般理论来容纳使用非常不同的标准收集的大量实证结果,这些标准涉及什么属于心理学领域以及非常不同的概念框架。在这里,我们仍需从自然科学中汲取教训,保持耐心,随着概念和实践框架的扩展逐步纳入新领域,但另一方面也不先验地排除任何东西。