Mammen Jens, Mironenko Irina
Niels Bohr Professorship Centre of Cultural Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
Department of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2015 Dec;49(4):681-713. doi: 10.1007/s12124-015-9313-7.
Psychology has permanent problems of theoretical coherence and practical, analytic and critical efficiency. It is claimed that Activity Theory (AT) with roots in a long European philosophical tradition and continued in Russian AT is a first step to remedy this. A Danish version of AT may have a key to exceed some, mostly implicit, ontological restrictions in traditional AT and free it from an embracement of functionalism and mechanicism, rooted in Renaissance Physics. The analysis goes back to Aristotle's understanding of the freely moving animal in its ecology and introduces some dualities in the encounter between subject and object which replace the dualistic dichotomies traditionally splitting Psychology in Naturwissenschaft vs. Geisteswissenshaft. This also implies a "Copernican turn" of Cartesian dualism. The perspectives are to give place for a phenomenology of meaning without cutting human psyche out of Nature and to open Psychology to its domain.
心理学存在理论连贯性以及实践、分析和批判效率方面的长期问题。有人认为，起源于悠久欧洲哲学传统并在俄罗斯活动理论中得以延续的活动理论（AT）是解决这一问题的第一步。丹麦版的活动理论或许是超越传统活动理论中一些（大多为隐性的）本体论限制并使其摆脱源于文艺复兴时期物理学的功能主义和机械论束缚的关键所在。该分析可追溯到亚里士多德对处于其生态环境中自由移动动物的理解，并引入了主体与客体相遇中的一些二元性，这些二元性取代了传统上使心理学分裂为自然科学与人文科学的二元二分法。这也意味着笛卡尔二元论的“哥白尼式转变”。这些观点旨在为意义现象学留出空间，而不将人类心理与自然割裂开来，并使心理学向其领域敞开大门。
