Perry Julie, Waglechner Nicholas, Wright Gerard
M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2016 Jun 1;6(6):a025197. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025197.
Antibiotic resistance is a global problem that is reaching crisis levels. The global collection of resistance genes in clinical and environmental samples is the antibiotic "resistome," and is subject to the selective pressure of human activity. The origin of many modern resistance genes in pathogens is likely environmental bacteria, including antibiotic producing organisms that have existed for millennia. Recent work has uncovered resistance in ancient permafrost, isolated caves, and in human specimens preserved for hundreds of years. Together with bioinformatic analyses on modern-day sequences, these studies predict an ancient origin of resistance that long precedes the use of antibiotics in the clinic. Understanding the history of antibiotic resistance is important in predicting its future evolution.
抗生素耐药性是一个全球性问题,已达到危机程度。临床和环境样本中耐药基因的全球集合就是抗生素“耐药基因组”,它受到人类活动的选择压力影响。病原体中许多现代耐药基因的起源可能是环境细菌,包括已存在数千年的抗生素产生菌。最近的研究在古老的永久冻土、与世隔绝的洞穴以及保存了数百年的人类标本中发现了耐药性。这些研究与对现代序列的生物信息学分析一起,预测了耐药性的古老起源,其时间远远早于临床中抗生素的使用。了解抗生素耐药性的历史对于预测其未来演变很重要。