Xu Chongzhi, Tang Xiaoli, Shao Hongbo, Wang Hongyan
College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar843300,Xinjiang, China.
Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology & Bioresources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Curr Genomics. 2016 Jun;17(3):207-14. doi: 10.2174/1389202917666160202215548.
Soil salinity is becoming the key constraints factor to agricultural production. Therefore, the plant especially the crops possessing capacities of salt tolerance will be of great economic significance. The adaptation or tolerance of plant to salinity stress involves a series of physiological, metabolic and molecular mechanisms. Halophytes are the kind of organisms which acquire special salt tolerance mechanisms to respond to the salt tress and ensure normal growth and development under saline conditions in their lengthy evolutionary adaptation, so understanding how halophytes respond to salinity stress will provide us with methods and tactics to foster and develop salt resistant varieties of crops. The strategies in physiological and molecular level adopted by halophytes are various including the changes in photosynthetic and transpiration rate, the sequestration of Na+ to extracellular or vacuole, the regulation of stomata aperture and stomatal density, the accumulation and synthesis of the phytohormones as well as the relevant gene expression underlying these physiological traits, such as the stress signal transduction, the regulation of the transcription factors, the activation and expression of the transporter genes, the activation or inhibition of the synthetases and so on. This review focuses on the research advances of the regulating mechanisms in halophytes from physiological to molecular, which render the halophytes tolerance and adaption to salinity stress.
土壤盐渍化正成为农业生产的关键限制因素。因此，具有耐盐能力的植物尤其是作物具有重大的经济意义。植物对盐胁迫的适应或耐受涉及一系列生理、代谢和分子机制。盐生植物是一类在漫长的进化适应过程中获得特殊耐盐机制以应对盐胁迫并确保在盐渍条件下正常生长发育的生物，因此了解盐生植物如何应对盐胁迫将为我们培育和开发抗盐作物品种提供方法和策略。盐生植物在生理和分子水平上采取的策略多种多样，包括光合和蒸腾速率的变化、将Na+隔离到细胞外或液泡中、气孔孔径和气孔密度的调节、植物激素的积累和合成以及这些生理特性背后的相关基因表达，如胁迫信号转导、转录因子的调节、转运蛋白基因的激活和表达、合成酶的激活或抑制等。本文综述了盐生植物从生理到分子水平调控机制的研究进展，这些机制使盐生植物能够耐受和适应盐胁迫。
