MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Jun 3;65(21):534-7. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6521a2.
In 2013, it was estimated that the prevalence of cigarette smoking among American Indians was 36.5%, the highest of all racial/ethnic groups in the continental United States (1). Among American Indians, considerable cultural and geographic variation in cigarette smoking exists. Smoking prevalence among American Indians is lowest in the Southwest and highest in the Upper Midwest/Northern Plains (2). Little information is available about tobacco use among urban American Indians, who might not have ever lived on a reservation or be enrolled in or affiliated with a tribe. In Minnesota, a significant proportion of American Indians reside in urban areas. Among Minnesota's residents who identify as American Indian alone or in combination with another race, 30% live in Hennepin County and Ramsey County, which encompass Minneapolis and St. Paul, respectively (collectively known as the Twin Cities). The predominant tribes (Ojibwe [Chippewa] and Dakota/Lakota/Nakota [Sioux]) traditionally have used locally grown tobacco (Nicotiana rustica), red willow, and other plants for religious ceremonies, although nonceremonial tobacco is often substituted for traditional plants. To assess prevalence of cigarette smoking among this population, it is important to distinguish ceremonial tobacco use (smoked or used in other ways) from nonceremonial tobacco use. To obtain estimates of cigarette smoking prevalence among American Indians in Hennepin and Ramsey counties, the American Indian Adult Tobacco Survey was administered to 964 American Indian residents in 2011, using respondent-driven sampling. Among all participants, 59% were current smokers, 19% were former smokers, and 22% had never smoked. Approximately 40% of employed participants reported that someone smoked in their workplace area during the preceding week. High prevalences of cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke exposure among urban American Indians in Minnesota underscores the need for a comprehensive and culturally appropriate approach to reducing nonceremonial tobacco use.
2013 年，据估计，美国印第安人的吸烟率为 36.5%，在整个美国大陆的所有种族/族裔群体中最高（1）。在美国印第安人中，吸烟率存在着相当大的文化和地理差异。美国印第安人的吸烟率在西南部最低，在中西部北部平原最高（2）。关于城市美国印第安人的烟草使用情况，信息很少，这些人可能从未在保留地生活过，也没有参加部落或与之有关联。在明尼苏达州，相当一部分美国印第安人居住在城市地区。在明尼苏达州仅以美国印第安人或与其他种族一起识别的居民中，有 30%居住在亨内平县和拉姆齐县，这两个县分别包含明尼阿波利斯和圣保罗（统称为双子城）（3）。传统上，占主导地位的部落（奥吉布瓦[奇佩瓦]和达科他/拉科塔/纳科塔[苏族]）使用当地种植的烟草（烟草）、红柳树和其他植物进行宗教仪式，尽管非仪式性烟草经常替代传统植物（4）。为了评估这一人群的吸烟流行率，区分仪式性烟草使用（吸烟或其他方式使用）和非仪式性烟草使用非常重要。为了获得明尼阿波利斯和拉姆齐县美国印第安人吸烟流行率的估计，2011 年采用应答者驱动抽样法对 964 名美国印第安居民进行了美国印第安成人烟草调查（5）。在所有参与者中，59%是当前吸烟者，19%是前吸烟者，22%从未吸烟过。大约 40%的在职参与者报告说，在过去一周内，有人在他们的工作场所吸烟（6）。明尼苏达州城市美国印第安人中吸烟率和二手烟暴露率高，这突显了需要采取全面和文化上适当的方法来减少非仪式性烟草使用。
