Evans Jonathan St B T, Over David E
Cogn Process. 2010 May;11(2):171-5; author reply 177-9. doi: 10.1007/s10339-009-0339-y. Epub 2009 Oct 16.
Marewski, Gaissmaier and Gigerenzer (2009) present a review of research on fast and frugal heuristics, arguing that complex problems are best solved by simple heuristics, rather than the application of knowledge and logical reasoning. We argue that the case for such heuristics is overrated. First, we point out that heuristics can often lead to biases as well as effective responding. Second, we show that the application of logical reasoning can be both necessary and relatively simple. Finally, we argue that the evidence for a logical reasoning system that co-exists with simpler heuristic forms of thinking is overwhelming. Not only is it implausible a priori that we would have evolved such a system that is of no use to us, but extensive evidence from the literature on dual processing in reasoning and judgement shows that many problems can only be solved when this form of reasoning is used to inhibit and override heuristic thinking.
马雷夫斯基、盖斯迈尔和吉仁泽（2009年）发表了一篇关于快速节俭启发式方法的研究综述，认为复杂问题最好通过简单的启发式方法来解决，而不是运用知识和逻辑推理。我们认为这种启发式方法的情况被高估了。首先，我们指出启发式方法常常会导致偏差以及有效的反应。其次，我们表明逻辑推理的运用可能既必要又相对简单。最后，我们认为与更简单的启发式思维形式共存的逻辑推理系统的证据是压倒性的。不仅我们进化出这样一个对我们毫无用处的系统在先天层面是不合理的，而且来自推理和判断中双重加工文献的大量证据表明，许多问题只有在运用这种推理形式来抑制和超越启发式思维时才能得到解决。
