Iltis Ana S, Rasmussen Lisa M
Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.
Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
J Med Philos. 2016 Aug;41(4):363-8. doi: 10.1093/jmp/jhw013. Epub 2016 Jun 3.
The nature, possibility, and implications of ethics expertise (or moral expertise) in general and of bioethics expertise in particular has been the focus of extensive debate for over thirty years. What is ethics expertise and what does it enable experts to do? Knowing what ethics expertise is can help answer another important question: What, if anything, makes a claim of expertise legitimate? In other words, how does someone earn the appellation "ethics expert?" There remains deep disagreement on whether ethics expertise is possible, and if so, what constitutes such expertise and what it entails and legitimates. Discussion of bioethics expertise has become particularly important given the growing presence of bioethicists in the clinical setting as well as efforts to professionalize bioethics through codes of ethics and certification (or quasi-certification) efforts. Unlike in the law or in engineering, where there may be a body of knowledge that professional organizations or others have articulated as important for education and training of experts, ethics expertise admits of no such body of knowledge or required experience. Nor is there an entity seen as having the authority to articulate the necessary scope of knowledge. Questions about whether there is such a body of knowledge for particular areas within bioethics have emerged and played a central role in professionalization efforts in recent years, especially in the area of clinical ethics.
一般意义上的伦理专业知识（或道德专业知识），尤其是生物伦理专业知识的本质、可能性及其影响，三十多年来一直是广泛辩论的焦点。什么是伦理专业知识，它能让专家做什么？了解伦理专业知识是什么有助于回答另一个重要问题：声称拥有专业知识在何种情况下是合理的？换句话说，一个人如何获得“伦理专家”这一称谓？对于伦理专业知识是否可能存在，以及如果可能的话，这种专业知识由什么构成、包含什么内容以及如何使其具有合理性，仍然存在深刻的分歧。鉴于生物伦理学家在临床环境中的日益增加，以及通过伦理准则和认证（或准认证）努力使生物伦理学专业化的尝试，对生物伦理专业知识的讨论变得尤为重要。与法律或工程领域不同，在这些领域可能存在专业组织或其他机构明确表示对专家教育和培训至关重要的知识体系，而伦理专业知识并不存在这样的知识体系或所需经验。也没有一个被视为有权阐明必要知识范围的实体。近年来，关于生物伦理学特定领域是否存在这样一个知识体系的问题已经出现，并在专业化努力中发挥了核心作用，尤其是在临床伦理领域。
