Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2024 Sep 1;82(9):1260-1280. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad119.
The aim of this literature review was to identify and provide a summary update on the validity and applicability of the most promising dietary biomarkers reflecting the intake of important foods in the Western diet for application in epidemiological studies. Many dietary biomarker candidates, reflecting intake of common foods and their specific constituents, have been discovered from intervention and observational studies in humans, but few have been validated. The literature search was targeted for biomarker candidates previously reported to reflect intakes of specific food groups or components that are of major importance in health and disease. Their validity was evaluated according to 8 predefined validation criteria and adapted to epidemiological studies; we summarized the findings and listed the most promising food intake biomarkers based on the evaluation. Biomarker candidates for alcohol, cereals, coffee, dairy, fats and oils, fruits, legumes, meat, seafood, sugar, tea, and vegetables were identified. Top candidates for all categories are specific to certain foods, have defined parent compounds, and their concentrations are unaffected by nonfood determinants. The correlations of candidate dietary biomarkers with habitual food intake were moderate to strong and their reproducibility over time ranged from low to high. For many biomarker candidates, critical information regarding dose response, correlation with habitual food intake, and reproducibility over time is yet unknown. The nutritional epidemiology field will benefit from the development of novel methods to combine single biomarkers to generate biomarker panels in combination with self-reported data. The most promising dietary biomarker candidates that reflect commonly consumed foods and food components for application in epidemiological studies were identified, and research required for their full validation was summarized.
本文献综述旨在确定并提供最有前途的饮食生物标志物的有效性和适用性的最新综述，这些生物标志物反映了西方饮食中重要食物的摄入量，可用于流行病学研究。从人类干预和观察性研究中已经发现了许多反映常见食物及其特定成分摄入量的饮食生物标志物候选物，但其中很少有经过验证的。文献检索的目标是针对先前报道的反映特定食物组或对健康和疾病具有重要意义的特定成分摄入量的生物标志物候选物。根据 8 个预先定义的验证标准评估了它们的有效性，并对其进行了适应性调整以用于流行病学研究；我们总结了发现结果，并根据评估列出了最有前途的食物摄入量生物标志物。确定了反映酒精、谷物、咖啡、乳制品、脂肪和油、水果、豆类、肉类、海鲜、糖、茶和蔬菜摄入量的生物标志物候选物。所有类别的首选候选物都特定于某些食物，具有定义的母体化合物，并且其浓度不受非食物决定因素的影响。候选饮食生物标志物与习惯性食物摄入量之间的相关性从中等到强烈，其随时间的重现性从低到高不等。对于许多生物标志物候选物，关于剂量反应、与习惯性食物摄入的相关性以及随时间的重现性的关键信息尚不清楚。营养流行病学领域将受益于开发新方法，将单个生物标志物组合在一起以生成与自我报告数据相结合的生物标志物组合。确定了最有前途的饮食生物标志物候选物，这些候选物反映了在流行病学研究中常用的食物和食物成分，并且总结了对其进行充分验证所需的研究。
