Wagman Jeffrey B, Caputo Sarah E, Stoffregen Thomas A
Department of Psychology, Illinois State University, Campus Box 4620, Normal, IL, USA.
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2016 Oct;234(10):2923-33. doi: 10.1007/s00221-016-4695-4. Epub 2016 Jun 9.
Research on affordances typically has focused on the identification and perception of a single affordance. However, in daily life, multiple affordances are available. We investigated potential hierarchical relations among affordances of tools in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants assembled a tool consisting of an L-shaped object and attached masses so as to perform a particular behavior on a target object-tipping over or sliding it-located at a particular distance from the participant. In Experiment 2, participants performed the same task with additional precision constraints on the tool use task. In both experiments, participants selected longer objects when target objects were farther away and added more mass to tools to be used for tipping than for sliding. The results were compatible with the hypothesis that participants were simultaneously sensitive to affordances for tool assembly (as revealed in their actualization of affordances in tool assembly) and, prospectively, to affordances for tool use (as revealed in relations between assembled tools and the nature of tasks for which they were assembled).
可供性研究通常聚焦于单一可供性的识别与感知。然而，在日常生活中，存在多种可供性。我们通过两个实验研究了工具可供性之间潜在的层级关系。在实验1中，参与者组装一个由L形物体和附加重物组成的工具，以便对位于距参与者特定距离处的目标物体执行特定行为——将其推倒或使其滑动。在实验2中，参与者在工具使用任务上有额外的精度限制的情况下执行相同任务。在两个实验中，当目标物体距离更远时，参与者选择更长的物体，并且相比于用于滑动的工具，用于推倒的工具添加了更多重物。结果与以下假设相符：参与者同时对工具组装的可供性敏感（如他们在工具组装中实现可供性所显示的），并且前瞻性地对工具使用的可供性敏感（如组装好的工具与它们所组装用于的任务性质之间的关系所显示的）。
Zotero 插件