Mantel Bruno, Stoffregen Thomas A, Campbell Alain, Bardy Benoît G
Movement-to-Health Laboratory, EuroMov, Montpellier-1 University, Montpellier, France; Normandie Université, Caen, France; Centre d'Etudes Sport et Actions Motrices, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France.
Affordance Perception-Action Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 9;10(4):e0120025. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120025. eCollection 2015.
Body movement influences the structure of multiple forms of ambient energy, including optics and gravito-inertial force. Some researchers have argued that egocentric distance is derived from inferential integration of visual and non-visual stimulation. We suggest that accurate information about egocentric distance exists in perceptual stimulation as higher-order patterns that extend across optics and inertia. We formalize a pattern that specifies the egocentric distance of a stationary object across higher-order relations between optics and inertia. This higher-order parameter is created by self-generated movement of the perceiver in inertial space relative to the illuminated environment. For this reason, we placed minimal restrictions on the exploratory movements of our participants. We asked whether humans can detect and use the information available in this higher-order pattern. Participants judged whether a virtual object was within reach. We manipulated relations between body movement and the ambient structure of optics and inertia. Judgments were precise and accurate when the higher-order optical-inertial parameter was available. When only optic flow was available, judgments were poor. Our results reveal that participants perceived egocentric distance from the higher-order, optical-inertial consequences of their own exploratory activity. Analysis of participants' movement trajectories revealed that self-selected movements were complex, and tended to optimize availability of the optical-inertial pattern that specifies egocentric distance. We argue that accurate information about egocentric distance exists in higher-order patterns of ambient energy, that self-generated movement can generate these higher-order patterns, and that these patterns can be detected and used to support perception of egocentric distance that is precise and accurate.
身体运动影响多种形式的环境能量结构，包括光学和重力惯性力。一些研究人员认为，自我中心距离是通过视觉和非视觉刺激的推理整合得出的。我们认为，关于自我中心距离的准确信息存在于感知刺激中，表现为跨越光学和惯性的高阶模式。我们形式化了一种模式，该模式通过光学和惯性之间的高阶关系来指定静止物体的自我中心距离。这个高阶参数是由感知者在惯性空间中相对于光照环境的自我产生的运动所创建的。因此，我们对参与者的探索性运动施加了最小的限制。我们询问人类是否能够检测并利用这种高阶模式中可用的信息。参与者判断一个虚拟物体是否在可触及范围内。我们操纵了身体运动与光学和惯性的环境结构之间的关系。当高阶光学惯性参数可用时，判断准确且精确。当只有光流可用时，判断较差。我们的结果表明，参与者从他们自己探索活动的高阶光学惯性后果中感知到自我中心距离。对参与者运动轨迹的分析表明，自我选择的运动很复杂，并且倾向于优化指定自我中心距离的光学惯性模式的可用性。我们认为，关于自我中心距离的准确信息存在于环境能量的高阶模式中，自我产生的运动可以产生这些高阶模式，并且这些模式可以被检测并用于支持对精确且准确的自我中心距离的感知。
