Acaz-Fonseca Estefanía, Avila-Rodriguez Marco, Garcia-Segura Luis Miguel, Barreto George E
Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Prog Neurobiol. 2016 Sep;144:5-26. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.002. Epub 2016 Jun 7.
In the last years there has been a considerable advance in the knowledge on the regulation of astrocytes by sex steroids under physiological and pathological conditions. By the activation of a variety of nuclear and membrane receptors, sex steroid hormones regulate the functions of astrocytes and their communication with other cell types in the central nervous system. Under physiological conditions astrocytes participate in the neuroendocrine and behavioral actions of gonadal steroids, as well as in the hormonal control of brain tissue homeostasis. Under pathological conditions astrocytes mediate, at least partially, the neuroprotective effects of gonadal steroid hormones; given that sex steroids modulate reactive astrogliosis and reduce the release of pro-inflammatory molecules by these cells. Given the side effects that sex steroids may have when administered systemically, a number of synthetic agonists of the receptors for gonadal steroid hormones in the nervous system have been developed, and may be considered for clinical use after brain injury as potential enhancers of the neuroprotective astrocytic functions.
在过去几年中，关于生理和病理条件下性类固醇对星形胶质细胞调节的知识有了相当大的进展。通过激活多种核受体和膜受体，性类固醇激素调节星形胶质细胞的功能及其与中枢神经系统中其他细胞类型的通讯。在生理条件下，星形胶质细胞参与性腺类固醇的神经内分泌和行为作用，以及脑组织内稳态的激素控制。在病理条件下，星形胶质细胞至少部分介导性腺类固醇激素的神经保护作用；因为性类固醇调节反应性星形胶质细胞增生并减少这些细胞释放促炎分子。鉴于全身性给予性类固醇可能产生的副作用，已经开发了许多神经系统中性腺类固醇激素受体的合成激动剂，并且在脑损伤后可作为神经保护性星形胶质细胞功能的潜在增强剂考虑用于临床。
