Brown Tyson H, Richardson Liana J, Hargrove Taylor W, Thomas Courtney S
Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 2016 Jun;57(2):200-22. doi: 10.1177/0022146516645165.
This study examines how the intersecting consequences of race-ethnicity, gender, socioeconomics status (SES), and age influence health inequality. We draw on multiple-hierarchy stratification and life course perspectives to address two main research questions. First, does racial-ethnic stratification of health vary by gender and/or SES? More specifically, are the joint health consequences of racial-ethnic, gender, and socioeconomic stratification additive or multiplicative? Second, does this combined inequality in health decrease, remain stable, or increase between middle and late life? We use panel data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 12,976) to investigate between- and within-group differences in in self-rated health among whites, blacks, and Mexican Americans. Findings indicate that the effects of racial-ethnic, gender, and SES stratification are interactive, resulting in the greatest racial-ethnic inequalities in health among women and those with higher levels of SES. Furthermore, racial-ethnic/gender/SES inequalities in health tend to decline with age. These results are broadly consistent with intersectionality and aging-as-leveler hypotheses.
本研究考察种族、性别、社会经济地位（SES）和年龄的交叉影响如何导致健康不平等。我们运用多重分层和生命历程视角来回答两个主要研究问题。第一，健康方面的种族分层是否因性别和/或社会经济地位而异？更具体地说，种族、性别和社会经济分层对健康的综合影响是累加的还是倍增的？第二，这种健康方面的综合不平等在中年和老年之间是减少、保持稳定还是增加？我们使用来自健康与退休研究（样本量N = 12,976）的面板数据来研究白种人、黑人和墨西哥裔美国人在自评健康方面的组间和组内差异。研究结果表明，种族、性别和社会经济地位分层的影响具有交互性，导致女性和社会经济地位较高者中出现最大的健康方面的种族不平等。此外，健康方面的种族/性别/社会经济地位不平等往往会随着年龄增长而下降。这些结果与交叉性理论和老龄化作为平等化因素的假设大致一致。
