结构性种族主义与健康不平等：老问题，新方向。
STRUCTURAL RACISM AND HEALTH INEQUITIES: Old Issues, New Directions.
作者信息
Gee Gilbert C, Ford Chandra L
机构信息
School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles.
出版信息
Du Bois Rev. 2011 Apr;8(1):115-132. doi: 10.1017/S1742058X11000130.
Abstract
Racial minorities bear a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality. These inequities might be explained by racism, given the fact that racism has restricted the lives of racial minorities and immigrants throughout history. Recent studies have documented that individuals who report experiencing racism have greater rates of illnesses. While this body of research has been invaluable in advancing knowledge on health inequities, it still locates the experiences of racism at the individual level. Yet, the health of social groups is likely most strongly affected by structural, rather than individual, phenomena. The structural forms of racism and their relationship to health inequities remain under-studied. This article reviews several ways of conceptualizing structural racism, with a focus on social segregation, immigration policy, and intergenerational effects. Studies of disparities should more seriously consider the multiple dimensions of structural racism as fundamental causes of health disparities.
摘要
少数族裔承受着不成比例的发病和死亡负担。鉴于种族主义在历史上一直限制着少数族裔和移民的生活，这些不平等现象可能是由种族主义造成的。最近的研究表明，报告经历过种族主义的个体患病几率更高。虽然这一系列研究在推进对健康不平等问题的认识方面具有不可估量的价值，但它仍然将种族主义经历定位在个体层面。然而，社会群体的健康可能最受结构性而非个体性现象的强烈影响。种族主义的结构形式及其与健康不平等的关系仍未得到充分研究。本文回顾了几种将结构性种族主义概念化的方式，重点关注社会隔离、移民政策和代际影响。对差异的研究应更认真地将结构性种族主义的多个维度视为健康差异的根本原因。
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