Rosas-Peralta Martín, Borrayo-Sánchez Gabriela, Madrid-Miller Alejandra, Ramírez-Arias Erick, Pérez-Rodríguez Gilberto
División de Investigación en Salud, Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2016;54 Suppl 1:s67-74.
It is inexorable that a proportion of patients with systemic arterial hypertension will develop a hypertensive crisis at some point in their lives. The hypertensive crises can be divided in hypertensive patients with emergency or hypertensive emergency, according to the presence or absence of acute end-organ damage. In this review, we discuss the cardiovascular hypertensive emergencies, including acute coronary syndrome, congestive heart failure, aortic dissection and sympathomimetic hypertensive crises (those caused by cocaine use included). Each is presented in a unique way, although some patients with hypertensive emergency report non-specific symptoms. Treatment includes multiple medications for quick and effective action with security to reduce blood pressure, protect the function of organs remaining, relieve symptoms, minimize the risk of complications and improve patient outcomes.
一部分系统性动脉高血压患者在其生命中的某个时刻会发生高血压危象，这是不可避免的。根据是否存在急性靶器官损害，高血压危象可分为高血压急症或高血压紧急状态。在本综述中，我们讨论心血管高血压紧急状态，包括急性冠状动脉综合征、充血性心力衰竭、主动脉夹层和拟交感神经药所致高血压危象（包括可卡因使用所致）。尽管一些高血压紧急状态患者报告有非特异性症状，但每种情况都有其独特的表现方式。治疗包括多种药物，以迅速、有效地安全降低血压，保护剩余器官的功能，缓解症状，将并发症风险降至最低并改善患者预后。
