Eriksson L
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1989;147:1-38. doi: 10.3109/00016348709156496.
Growth hormone (GH) concentrations in serum were recorded in healthy women at different stages of normal pregnancy. Using a non-thrombogenic venous catheter and a portable pump, blood samples were collected at 30 min intervals for a period of 24 h. Growth hormone serum profiles were also established in non-pregnant women, women undergoing legal abortion and cesarean section and during spontaneous labor. A dramatic change in growth hormone secretion was demonstrated during late pregnancy when compared with the non-pregnant state. The pulsatile pattern, with intermittent high peaks and low or undetectable levels between peaks, characteristic of normal men and non-pregnant women, was completely suppressed. During late pregnancy, all investigated women evidenced increased, very stable serum levels of GH and there was no evidence of pulsatile activity. Two monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes on the GH-molecule were used in radio-immunoassays to distinguish the pituitary 22K-GH from other circulating GH variants. During the second half of pregnancy, a continuous secretion of a new placental GH variant and a concomitant suppression of the pulsatile pituitary GH secretion was demonstrated. The progressive transformation of GH secretion from a pulsatile into a stable, continuous pattern started at the end of the first trimester. After placental removal at cesarean section in late pregnancy there was a rapid fall in serum GH concentration, whereas levels were unaffected after legal abortion in the first trimester. These results and simultaneous measurements of hPL and hCG support the concept that a placental GH variant is produced during pregnancy. Studies on the diurnal variations of thyrotropin, prolactin and cortisol indicate that human pregnancy is associated with selective alterations in the secretion of pituitary hormones. The biological impact of continuous GH secretion was elucidated in two experimental systems in the rat. The pregnancy-associated murine protein-1 (PAMP-1) in rodents was previously believed to be regulated by sex steroids. However, a continuous infusion of hGH was found to increase the plasma concentration of PAMP-1 in non-pregnant, hypophysectomized female rats. On the other hand, intermittent hGH administration or estrogen treatment had no effect on this seemingly 'steroid-sensitive' protein. Steroid sulfatase activity in rat liver microsomes is another sexually differentiated function. Likewise, this system was found to be regulated by the mode of GH administration. A continuous GH secretion during human pregnancy can alter maternal liver metabolism and have important implications for the physiological adjustment to gestation.
记录了处于正常妊娠不同阶段的健康女性血清中的生长激素（GH）浓度。使用非血栓形成性静脉导管和便携式泵，每隔30分钟采集一次血样，共采集24小时。还在未怀孕女性、接受合法堕胎和剖宫产的女性以及自然分娩期间建立了生长激素血清谱。与未怀孕状态相比，妊娠晚期生长激素分泌出现了显著变化。正常男性和未怀孕女性所特有的具有间歇性高峰以及高峰之间低水平或无法检测到水平的脉冲模式被完全抑制。在妊娠晚期，所有接受调查的女性血清GH水平均升高且非常稳定，没有脉冲活动的迹象。在放射免疫分析中使用了两种针对GH分子不同表位的单克隆抗体，以区分垂体22K - GH与其他循环中的GH变体。在妊娠后半期，证实了一种新的胎盘GH变体的持续分泌以及垂体GH脉冲分泌的同时抑制。GH分泌从脉冲模式逐渐转变为稳定的连续模式始于妊娠早期末。妊娠晚期剖宫产术后胎盘切除后，血清GH浓度迅速下降，而妊娠早期合法堕胎后GH水平未受影响。这些结果以及同时对人胎盘催乳素（hPL）和人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）的测量支持了妊娠期间产生胎盘GH变体的概念。对促甲状腺激素、催乳素和皮质醇昼夜变化的研究表明，人类妊娠与垂体激素分泌的选择性改变有关。在大鼠的两个实验系统中阐明了持续GH分泌的生物学影响。啮齿动物中与妊娠相关的鼠蛋白 - 1（PAMP - 1）以前被认为受性类固醇调节。然而，发现连续输注hGH可增加未怀孕、垂体切除的雌性大鼠血浆中PAMP - 1的浓度。另一方面，间歇性给予hGH或雌激素治疗对这种看似“类固醇敏感”的蛋白没有影响。大鼠肝微粒体中的类固醇硫酸酯酶活性是另一种性别差异性功能。同样，该系统被发现受GH给药方式的调节。人类妊娠期间持续的GH分泌可改变母体肝脏代谢，并对妊娠的生理调节具有重要意义。
