Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada.
Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Sep;165:153-63. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.005. Epub 2016 Jun 8.
Excessive accumulation of fat as the result of more energy intake and less energy expenditure is known as obesity. Lipids are essential components in the human body and are vital for maintaining homeostasis and physiological as well as cellular metabolism. Fatty acid synthesis and catabolism (by fatty acid oxidation) are normal part of basic fuel metabolism in animals. Fatty acids are degraded in the mitochondria by a biochemical process called β-oxidation in which two-carbon fragments are produced in each cycle. The increase in fatty acid β-oxidation is negatively correlated with body mass index. Although healthy life style, avoiding Western diet, dieting and strenuous exercise are the commonly used methods to lose weight, they are not considered a permanent solution in addition to risk attenuation of basal metabolic rate (BMR). Pharmacotherapy offers benefits of weight loss by altering the satiety and lowering absorption of fat from the food; however, its side effects may outweigh the benefits of weight loss. Alternatively, dietary phytochemicals and natural health products offer great potential as an efficient weight loss strategy by modulating lipid metabolism and/or increasing BMR and thermogenesis. Specifically, polyphenols such as citrus flavonoids, green tea epigallocatechin gallate, resveratrol, capsaicin and curcumin, have been reported to increase lipolysis and induce fatty acid β-oxidation through modulation of hormone sensitive lipase, acetyl-coA carboxylase, carnitine acyl transferase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1. In this review article, we discuss selected phytochemicals in relation to their integrated functionalities and specific mechanisms for weight loss.
由于能量摄入过多而消耗减少导致脂肪过度积累被称为肥胖。脂质是人体的重要组成部分，对于维持内环境平衡以及生理和细胞代谢至关重要。脂肪酸的合成和分解代谢（通过脂肪酸氧化）是动物基础燃料代谢的正常组成部分。脂肪酸在线粒体中通过生化过程β-氧化降解，每个循环产生两个碳片段。脂肪酸β-氧化的增加与体重指数呈负相关。虽然健康的生活方式、避免西方饮食、节食和剧烈运动是减肥的常用方法，但除了降低基础代谢率（BMR）的风险外，它们并不能被认为是永久的解决方案。药物治疗通过改变饱腹感和降低食物中脂肪的吸收来提供减肥益处；然而，其副作用可能超过减肥的益处。另一方面，膳食植物化学物质和天然保健品通过调节脂质代谢和/或增加 BMR 和产热提供了作为有效减肥策略的巨大潜力。具体来说，已报道诸如柑橘类黄酮、绿茶表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、白藜芦醇、辣椒素和姜黄素等多酚通过调节激素敏感脂肪酶、乙酰辅酶 A 羧化酶、肉碱酰基转移酶和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ共激活因子-1 来增加脂肪分解并诱导脂肪酸β-氧化。在这篇综述文章中，我们讨论了与减肥相关的选定植物化学物质及其综合功能和特定机制。
