Male Denis, Wu Wenda, Mitchell Nicole J, Bursian Steven, Pestka James J, Wu Felicia
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2016 Aug;94:178-85. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.009. Epub 2016 Jun 10.
Trichothecene mycotoxins commonly co-contaminate cereal products. They cause immunosuppression, anorexia, and emesis in multiple species. Dietary exposure to such toxins often occurs in mixtures. Hence, if it were possible to determine their relative toxicities and assign toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) to each trichothecene, risk management and regulation of these mycotoxins could become more comprehensive and simple. We used a mink emesis model to compare the toxicities of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenon-X, HT-2 toxin, and T-2 toxin. These toxins were administered to mink via gavage and intraperitoneal injection. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) benchmark dose software was used to determine benchmark doses for each trichothecene. The relative potencies of each of these toxins were calculated as the ratios of their benchmark doses to that of DON. Our results showed that mink were more sensitive to orally administered toxins than to toxins administered by IP. T-2 and HT-2 toxins caused the greatest emetic responses, followed by FX, and then by DON, its acetylated derivatives, and NIV. Although these results provide key information on comparative toxicities, there is still a need for more animal based studies focusing on various endpoints and combined effects of trichothecenes before TEFs can be established.
单端孢霉烯族霉菌毒素通常会共同污染谷物产品。它们会导致多种物种出现免疫抑制、厌食和呕吐症状。饮食中接触此类毒素往往是混合发生的。因此，如果能够确定它们的相对毒性并为每种单端孢霉烯族毒素指定毒性当量因子（TEF），那么这些霉菌毒素的风险管理和监管就能变得更加全面和简单。我们使用水貂呕吐模型来比较脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、镰刀菌烯酮-X、HT-2毒素和T-2毒素的毒性。这些毒素通过灌胃和腹腔注射的方式给予水貂。美国环境保护局（EPA）的基准剂量软件用于确定每种单端孢霉烯族毒素的基准剂量。将这些毒素各自的相对效力计算为它们的基准剂量与脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇基准剂量的比值。我们的结果表明，水貂对口服毒素比腹腔注射毒素更敏感。T-2和HT-2毒素引起的呕吐反应最大，其次是镰刀菌烯酮-X，然后是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、其乙酰化衍生物和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇。尽管这些结果提供了关于比较毒性的关键信息，但在能够确定毒性当量因子之前，仍需要更多基于动物的研究，重点关注单端孢霉烯族毒素的各种终点和联合效应。
